| when it relates to cause of death; |
| (a) | when the statement is made by a person as to the cause of his death, or as to any of the circumstances of the transaction which resulted in his death, in cases in which the cause of that person’s death comes into question; such statements are relevant whether the person who made them was or was not at the time when they were made under expectation of death, and whatever may be the nature of the proceeding in which the cause of his death comes into question; |
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| or is made in course of trade, business, profession or other occupation; |
| (b) | when the statement was made by a person in the ordinary course of a trade, business, profession or other occupation and in particular when it consists of — |
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| (i) | any entry or memorandum in books kept in the ordinary course of a trade, business, profession or other occupation or in the discharge of professional duty; |
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| (ii) | an acknowledgment (whether written or signed) for the receipt of money, goods, securities or property of any kind; |
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| (iii) | any information in market quotations, tabulations, lists, directories or other compilations generally used and relied upon by the public or by persons in particular occupations; or |
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| (iv) | a document constituting, or forming part of, the records (whether past or present) of a trade, business, profession or other occupation that are recorded, owned or kept by any person, body or organisation carrying out the trade, business, profession or other occupation, |
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| | and includes a statement made in a document that is, or forms part of, a record compiled by a person acting in the ordinary course of a trade, business, profession or other occupation based on information supplied by other persons; |
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| [Act 4 of 2012 wef 01/08/2012] |
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| or against interest of maker; |
| (c) | when the statement is against the pecuniary or proprietary interest of the person making it, or when, if true, it would expose him or would have exposed him to a criminal prosecution or to a suit for damages; |
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| or gives opinion as to public right or custom or matters of general interest; |
| (d) | when the statement gives the opinion of any such person as to the existence of any public right or custom or matter of public or general interest, of the existence of which if it existed he would have been likely to be aware, and when such statement was made before any controversy as to such right, custom or matter had arisen; |
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| or relates to existence of relationship; |
| (e) | when the statement relates to the existence of any relationship by blood, marriage or adoption between persons as to whose relationship by blood, marriage or adoption the person making the statement had special means of knowledge, and when the statement was made before the question in dispute was raised; |
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| or is made in will or deed relating to family affairs; |
| (f) | when the statement relates to the existence of any relationship by blood, marriage or adoption between persons deceased, and is made in any will or deed relating to the affairs of the family to which any such deceased person belonged, or in any family pedigree or upon any tombstone, family portrait or other thing on which such statements are usually made, and when such statement was made before the question in dispute was raised; |
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| or in document relating to transaction mentioned in section 13(a); |
| (g) | when the statement is contained in any deed or other document which relates to any such transaction as is mentioned in section 13(a); |
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| or is made by several persons and expresses feelings relevant to matter in question; |
| (h) | when the statement was made by a number of persons and expressed feelings or impressions on their part relevant to the matter in question; |
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| [Act 4 of 2012 wef 01/08/2012] |
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| or is made by person who is compellable but refuses to give evidence; |
| (i) | when the statement was made by a person who, being compellable to give evidence on behalf of the party desiring to give the statement in evidence, attends or is brought before the court, but refuses to be sworn or affirmed, or is sworn or affirmed but refuses to give any evidence; |
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| [Act 4 of 2012 wef 01/08/2012] |
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| or is made by person who is dead or who cannot be produced as witness; |
| (j) | when the statement is made by a person in respect of whom it is shown — |
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| (i) | is dead or unfit because of his bodily or mental condition to attend as a witness; |
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| (ii) | that despite reasonable efforts to locate him, he cannot be found whether within or outside Singapore; |
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| (iii) | that he is outside Singapore and it is not practicable to secure his attendance; or |
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| (iv) | that, being competent but not compellable to give evidence on behalf of the party desiring to give the statement in evidence, he refuses to do so; |
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| [Act 4 of 2012 wef 01/08/2012] |
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| (k) | when the parties to the proceedings agree that for the purpose of those proceedings the statement may be given in evidence. |
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| [Act 4 of 2012 wef 01/08/2012] |
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| (a) The question is whether A was murdered by B. |
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| A dies of injuries received in a transaction in the course of which she was ravished. |
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| The question is whether she was ravished by B; or |
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| The question is whether A was killed by B under such circumstances that a suit would lie against B by A’s widow. |
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| Statements made by A as to the cause of his or her death, referring respectively to the murder, the rape and the actionable wrong under consideration, are relevant facts. |
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| (b) The question is as to the date of A’s birth. |
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| An entry in the diary of a deceased surgeon regularly kept in the course of business, stating that on a given day he attended A’s mother and delivered her of a son, is a relevant fact. |
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| (c) The question is whether A was in Singapore on a given day. |
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| A statement in the diary of a deceased solicitor regularly kept in the course of business that on a given day the solicitor attended A at a place mentioned in Singapore for the purpose of conferring with him upon specified business is a relevant fact. |
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| (d) The question is whether a ship sailed from Singapore harbour on a given day. |
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| A letter written by a deceased member of a merchant’s firm by which she was chartered to their correspondents in London, to whom the cargo was consigned, stating that the ship sailed on a given day from Singapore harbour is a relevant fact. |
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| (e) The question is whether rent was paid to A for certain land. |
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| A letter from A’s deceased agent to B, saying that he had received the rent on A’s account and held it at A’s orders, is a relevant fact. |
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| (f) The question is whether A and B were legally married. |
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| The statement of a deceased clergyman that he married them under such circumstances that the celebration would be a crime is relevant. |
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| (g) The question is whether A, a person who cannot be found, wrote a letter on a certain day. |
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| The fact that a letter written by him is dated on that day is relevant. |
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| (h) The question is, what was the cause of the wreck of a ship? |
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| A protest made by the captain, whose attendance cannot be procured, is a relevant fact. |
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| (i) The question is, what was the price of shares on a certain day in a particular market? |
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| A statement of the price made by a deceased broker in the ordinary course of his business is a relevant fact. |
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| (j) The question is whether A, who is dead, was the father of B. |
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| A statement by A that B was his son is a relevant fact. |
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| (k) The question is, what was the date of the birth of A? |
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| A letter from A’s deceased father to a friend, announcing the birth of A on a given day, is a relevant fact. |
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| (l) The question is whether and when A and B were married. |
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| An entry in a memorandum-book by C, the deceased father of B, of his daughter’s marriage with A on a given date, is a relevant fact. |
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| (m) A sues B for a libel expressed in a printed caricature exposed in a shop‑window. The question is as to the similarity of the caricature and its libellous character. |
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| The remarks of a crowd of spectators on these points may be proved. |
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