PART I | GENERAL PROVISIONS OF INTERPRETATION |
| Interpretation of certain words and expressions |
2.—(1) In this Act, and in every written law enacted before or after the commencement of this Act, the following words and expressions shall, without prejudice to anything done prior to the commencement of this Act, have the meanings respectively assigned to them unless there is something in the subject or context inconsistent with such construction or unless it is therein otherwise expressly provided:| “abet”, with its grammatical variations and cognate expressions, has the same meaning as in the Penal Code [Cap. 224]; |
| “Accountant-General” means the Accountant-General of Singapore; |
| “act”, when used with reference to an offence or civil wrong, includes a series of acts, and words which refer to acts done shall be construed as extending to illegal omissions; |
| “Act” or “Act of Parliament” means an Act of the Parliament of Singapore and includes any Ordinance or Act of Singapore or Malaysia having the force of law in Singapore; and “Act” when used in any subsidiary legislation means the Act under the authority of which the subsidiary legislation was made; |
| “advocate” and “advocate” and “solicitor” mean an advocate and solicitor of the Supreme Court; |
| “animal” includes bird, reptile, fish and every kind of vertebrate animal and the young thereof; |
| “Attorney-General” means the Attorney-General of Singapore; |
| “Auditor-General” means the Auditor-General of Singapore; |
| “Cabinet” means the Cabinet constituted under the Constitution; |
| “Chief Justice” means the Chief Justice of Singapore; |
| “citizen of Singapore” means any person who, under the provisions of the Constitution, has the status of a citizen of Singapore; |
| “civil list” means the provision made under the Constitution for the maintenance of the President; |
| “commencement”, when used with reference to an Act, means the time at which the Act comes into operation in Singapore; |
| “common law” means the common law of England; |
| “Commonwealth” or “British Commonwealth” means collectively the Commonwealth countries and includes any colony, protectorate or protected state or any other territory administered by any Commonwealth country; |
| “Commonwealth country” means any country recognised by the President to be a Commonwealth country and “part of the Commonwealth” means any Commonwealth country, any colony, protectorate or protected state or any other territory administered by the government of any Commonwealth country; |
| “Consolidated Fund” means the Consolidated Fund established by the Constitution; |
| “Constitution” means the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore; |
| “consular officer” means consul-general, consul, vice-consul, consular agent and any person for the time being authorised to discharge the duties of consul-general, consul, vice-consul or consular agent; |
| “court” means any court of competent jurisdiction in Singapore; |
| “Crown Agents” means the persons for the time being acting as Crown Agents for Overseas Governments and Administrations in the United Kingdom; |
| “Deputy Speaker” means the Deputy Speaker of Parliament elected under the Constitution; |
| “District Court” means any District Court constituted under any written law for the time being in force relating to the courts; |
| “District Judge” means a District Judge appointed as such under any written law for the time being in force relating to the courts; |
| “export”, with its grammatical variations and cognate expressions, means to take or cause to be taken out of Singapore by land, sea or air; |
| “Gazette” or “Government Gazette” means the Gazette published by order of the Government and includes any supplement thereto and any Gazette Extraordinary so published; |
| “Government” means the Government of Singapore; |
| “Government Printer” includes any printer purporting to be the printer authorised to print Acts and other documents of the Government; |
| “High Court” means the High Court constituted under any written law for the time being in force relating to the courts; |
| “immovable property” includes land, benefits to arise out of land and things attached to the earth or permanently fastened to anything attached to the earth; |
| “import”, with its grammatical variations and cognate expressions, means to bring or cause to be brought into Singapore by land, sea or air; |
| “Judge” means a Judge of the High Court and includes any person appointed to exercise the powers of a Judge; [Act 16/93 wef 01/07/1993] |
| “Judge of the Supreme Court” includes the Chief Justice, a Judge of Appeal and a Judge of the High Court; [Act 16/93 wef 01/07/1993] |
| “legislature”, when used with reference to any part of the Commonwealth, means the authority competent to make laws for that part of the Commonwealth; |
| “Magistrate” means a Magistrate appointed as such under any written law for the time being in force relating to the courts; |
| “Malaya” means Singapore and the States of Malaya; |
| “Malaysia” means the Federation known as Malaysia; |
| “Malaysian citizen” or “Federal citizen” means any person who is a citizen of Malaysia by virtue of the provisions of any law for the time being in force, or any instrument for the time being having the force of law, in Malaysia; |
| “master”, when used with reference to a ship, means any person, except a pilot or harbour master, having for the time being control or charge of the ship; |
| “Minister” means the Minister for the time being charged with the responsibility for the department or subject to which the context refers; |
| “monogamous marriage” means a marriage which is recognised by the law of the place where it is contracted as a voluntary union of one man and one woman to the exclusion of all others during the continuance of the marriage; |
| “month” means calendar month; |
| “movable property” means property of every description except immovable property; |
| “national language” means the Malay language; |
| “oath” and “affidavit” in the case of persons for the time being allowed by law to affirm or declare instead of swearing, include affirmation and declaration, and “swear” in the like case includes affirm and declare; |
| “Ordinance” means any Ordinance of Singapore, and includes any Ordinance of the Colony of the Straits Settlements, any Ordinance of the Colony of Singapore or of the State of Singapore and any Proclamation having the force of law in Singapore; and “Ordinance” when used in any subsidiary legislation means the Ordinance under the authority of which such subsidiary legislation has been made; |
| “Parliament” means the Parliament of the Republic of Singapore; |
| “person” and “party” include any company or association or body of persons, corporate or unincorporate; |
| “police officer” means any member of the Singapore Police Force; |
| “prescribed” means prescribed by the Act in which the word occurs or by any subsidiary legislation made thereunder; |
| “President” means the President of the Republic of Singapore and includes any person for the time being performing the functions of the President under the provisions of the Constitution; [Act 11/91 wef 30/11/1991 vide S 527/91] |
| “public holiday” means any day which is declared to be or proclaimed as a public holiday or which under any written law is to be observed as a public holiday in Singapore; |
| “public officer” means the holder of any office of emolument in the service of the Government; |
| “public seal” means the public seal of Singapore; |
| “public service” means service under the Government; |
| “Public Service Commission” means the Public Service Commission constituted under the provisions of the Constitution; |
| “registered”, when used with reference to a document, means registered under the provisions of any written law for the time being applicable to the registration of such document; |
| “repeal” includes rescind, revoke, cancel or replace; |
| “Rules of Court”, when used in relation to any court, means rules made by the authority having for the time being power to make rules or orders regulating the practice and procedure of such court, together with the forms necessary thereto; |
| “Secretary to the Cabinet” means the Secretary to the Cabinet appointed in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution; |
| “ship” includes every description of vessel used in navigation not exclusively propelled by oars or paddles; |
| “sign”, with its grammatical variations and cognate expressions, with reference to a person who is unable to write his name, includes “mark” with its grammatical variations and cognate expressions; |
| “Singapore” means the Republic of Singapore and shall be deemed to include the Island of Singapore and all islands and places which on 2nd June 1959, were administered as part of Singapore and all territorial waters adjacent thereto; |
| “Solicitor-General” means the Solicitor-General of Singapore; |
| “Speaker” means the Speaker of the Parliament elected in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution; |
| “States of Malaya” means the States of Johore, Kedah, Kelantan, Malacca, Negri Sembilan, Pahang, Penang, Perak, Perlis, Selangor and Trengganu, which constitute part of Malaysia; |
“statutory declaration”, if made —| (a) | in Singapore, means a declaration made under the Statutory Declarations Act [Cap. 320]; | | (b) | in the United Kingdom or any part of the Commonwealth other than in Singapore, means a declaration made before a justice of the peace, notary public or other person having authority therein under any law for the time being in force to take or receive a declaration; | | (c) | in any other place, means a declaration made before a consul or vice-consul or before any person having authority under any law for the time being in force to take or receive a declaration; |
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| “subsidiary legislation” means any order in council, proclamation, rule, regulation, order, notification, by-law or other instrument made under any Act, Ordinance or other lawful authority and having legislative effect; |
| “Supreme Court” means the Supreme Court of Singapore constituted under any written law for the time being in force relating to the courts and includes the High Court; |
| “United Kingdom” means Great Britain and Northern Ireland; |
| “value”, when used with reference to a suit, means the value of the subject-matter of the suit; |
| “vessel” includes floating craft of every description; |
| “will” includes a codicil; |
| words importing the masculine gender include females; |
| words in the singular include the plural and words in the plural include the singular; |
| “writing” and expressions referring to writing include printing, lithography, typewriting, photography and other modes of representing or reproducing words or figures in visible form; |
| “written law” means the Constitution and all previous Constitutions having application to Singapore and all Acts, Ordinances and enactments by whatever name called and subsidiary legislation made thereunder for the time being in force in Singapore; |
| “Yang di-Pertuan Agong” means the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or Supreme Head of Malaysia and includes the Deputy Supreme Head of Malaysia or a Ruler of a Malay State, whenever he is lawfully exercising the functions of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong; |
| “year” means a year reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar. |
(2) In every written law enacted before the commencement of this Act —| (a) | references to the Colony of the Straits Settlements, the Settlement of Singapore, the Colony of Singapore, the Colony, the State of Singapore or the State, shall be construed as references to Singapore; | | (b) | references to the Federated Malay States shall, unless there is something repugnant in the context, be construed as references to the States of Malaya; | | (c) | references to the Governor of the Malayan Union shall be construed as references to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong; | | (d) | references to the Malayan Union shall be construed as references to Malaysia or the territories comprised therein, as the case may require; | | (e) | references to the Chief Justice or to any court, judge or magistrate of the Malayan Union or of the Federated Malay States or of any of the Malay States shall be construed as references to the Chief Justice or to the corresponding court, judge or magistrate of Malaysia or the territories comprised therein, as the case may require; | | (f) | references to any officer of, or authority or body constituted in or for, the Federated Malay States, any Malay State or the Malayan Union shall be construed as references to the corresponding officer of, or authority or body constituted in or for, Malaysia or the territories comprised therein, as the case may require; | | (g) | references to the Assembly or the Legislative Assembly shall be construed as references to the Parliament; | | (h) | references to the Yang di-Pertuan Negara shall be construed as references to the President; | | (i) | references to the Federal Minister shall be construed as references to the appropriate Minister of Singapore; | | (j) | references to the State Advocate-General shall be construed as references to the Attorney-General; | | (k) | references to the High Court in Singapore shall be construed as references to the High Court of Singapore; | | (l) | references to a Judge of the High Court and the Registrar of the High Court shall be construed as references to a Judge of the Supreme Court and the Registrar of the Supreme Court, respectively. |
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| (2A) In every written law enacted before or after the commencement of the Supreme Court of Judicature (Amendment) Act 1995 and the Subordinate Courts (Amendment) Act 1995, references to the Rules of the Supreme Court, the Supreme Court Rules, the Rules of the Subordinate Courts or the Subordinate Courts Rules, shall be construed as references to the Rules of Court. [Act 4/96 wef 26/01/1996 vide S 36/96] |
(3) In any Act, Ordinance or order specified in paragraphs (b), (c) and (e) of the definition of “Act” in section 38(3), references to —| (a) | the Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall be construed as references to the President; and | | (b) | the Minister shall be construed as references to the appropriate Minister of Singapore. |
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| (4) Where an Act authorises or requires any document to be served by post, whether the word “serve”, “give” or “send” or any other word is used, then, unless a contrary intention appears, the service shall be deemed to be effected by properly addressing, prepaying and posting a letter containing the document, and, unless the contrary is proved, shall be deemed to have been effected at the time at which the letter would be delivered in the ordinary course of post. |
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