FIRST SCHEDULE
Regulation 2
Definitions
“Accident” means an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft (which takes place from the time a person first boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until the time after all persons on board the aircraft have disembarked) in which —
(a)a person (not being a stowaway hiding outside the areas normally available to passengers and crew) is fatally or seriously injured as a result of —
(i)being in the aircraft;
(ii)having direct contact with any part of the aircraft, including parts which have become detached from the aircraft; or
(iii)having direct exposure to jet blast,
except where the injuries arise from natural causes, are self‑inflicted or inflicted by another person;
(b)the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure which —
(i)adversely affects the structural strength, performance or flight characteristics of the aircraft; and
(ii)requires major repair to the aircraft or the replacement of the affected component,
but excludes —
(iii)engine failure or damage, when the damage is limited to a single engine (including its cowlings or accessories) or to propellers, wing tips, antennas, probes, vanes, tyres, brakes, wheels, fairings, panels, landing gear, doors, windscreens or the aircraft skin (such as small dents or puncture holes);
(iv)minor damage to main rotor blades, tail rotor blades or landing gear; and
(v)minor damage resulting from hail or bird strike (including holes in the radome); or
(c)the aircraft is missing or completely inaccessible.
“Aerial work”, in relation to an aircraft operation, means the operation of an aircraft for specialised services such as agriculture, construction, photography, surveying, observation and patrol, search and rescue, and aerial advertisement.
“Aerobatic flight” means that portion of a flight when an aircraft engages in —
(a)an intentional manoeuvre in which the aircraft is in sustained inverted flight or is rolled from upright to inverted or from inverted to upright position; or
(b)manoeuvres such as rolls, loops, spins, upward vertical flight culminating in a stall turn, hammerhead or whip stall, or a combination of such manoeuvres.
“Aerodrome”, in relation to the operation of aircraft that is not confined to aeroplanes, includes heliport.
“Aerodrome operating minima” means the limits of usability of an aerodrome for —
(a)take-off, expressed in terms of runway visual range or visibility or both and, if necessary, cloud conditions;
(b)landing in 2D instrument approach operations, expressed in terms of visibility or RVR, MDA/H and, if necessary, cloud conditions; and
(c)landing in 3D instrument approach operations, expressed in terms of visibility or RVR, and DA/H as appropriate to the type or category of operations.
“Aeronautical Information Circular” or “AIC” means a notice containing information which relates to flight safety, air navigation, or the technical, administrative or legislative matters relating to a flight.
“Aeronautical Information Publication” or “AIP” means a publication issued by and with the authority of the Aeronautical Information Services provider and containing the aeronautical information of a lasting character essential to air navigation.
“Aeronautical Information Services” or “AIS” means the services established within the defined area of coverage for the provision of aeronautical information and data necessary for the safety, regularity and efficiency of air navigation and, where appropriate, includes the personnel and facilities employed to provide information pertaining to the availability of air navigation services and their associated procedures necessary for the safety, regularity and efficiency of air navigation.
“Aeronautical radio station” means a radio station on the surface that transmits or receives signals for the purpose of assisting aircraft.
[S 209/2020 wef 01/04/2020]
“Aeronautical station” means a land station in the aeronautical mobile service, which may in certain instances be located on board a ship or on a platform at sea.
“Aeroplane” means a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed under given conditions of flight.
“Agreement summary”, in relation to an 83 bis agreement, means a document —
(a)that clearly and succinctly identifies the functions and duties that are transferred (under the 83 bis agreement) by the State of Registry to the State of the Operator; and
(b)that has been transmitted (with the 83 bis agreement) in accordance with Article 83 bis of the Chicago Convention.
[S 937/2020 wef 05/11/2020]
“Air operator certificate” means a certificate issued by the competent authority of the State of the Operator for an operator to carry out specified commercial air transport operations, which, in the case of Singapore, is the certificate issued by the Authority in accordance with the Air Navigation (119 — Air Operator Certification) Regulations 2018.
“Air traffic control unit” includes area control centre, approach control unit and aerodrome control tower.
“Air traffic services unit” includes air traffic control unit, flight information centre or air traffic services reporting office.
“Airborne collision avoidance system” or “ACAS” means an aircraft system based on secondary surveillance radar (SSR) transponder signals that operate independently of ground‑based equipment to provide advice to the pilot on potential conflicting aircraft that are equipped with SSR transponders.
“Airborne collision avoidance system II” or “ACAS II” means an airborne collision avoidance system which provides vertical resolution advisories in addition to traffic advisories.
“Aircraft component” means —
(a)an aircraft engine;
(b)an aircraft propeller; or
(c)any part or equipment of an aircraft, being a part or an equipment fitted to or provided in an aircraft, and includes an assembly of aircraft parts or equipment.
“Aircraft type” means all aircraft of the same basic design including all modifications thereto except those modifications which result in a change in handling or flight characteristics.
“Airworthy” means the status of an aircraft, engine, propeller or part when the aircraft, engine, propeller or part conforms to its approved design and is in a condition for safe operation.
“Alternate aerodrome” means an aerodrome to which an aircraft may proceed when it becomes either impossible or inadvisable to proceed to or to land at the aerodrome of intended landing and which meets all of the following requirements:
(a)the necessary services and facilities are available;
(b)the aircraft performance requirements can be met;
(c)the aerodrome is operational at the expected time of use.
“Altitude” means the vertical distance of a level, a point, or an object considered as a point, measured from mean sea level.
“Approach ban” means the prohibition, as prescribed in regulation 61, against commencing or continuing of an instrument approach into the final approach segment unless certain conditions are met.
“Approach to landing” means that portion of the flight of an aircraft —
(a)when the aircraft is descending to a height or altitude that is below 300 m (1,000 ft) above the aerodrome elevation; or
(b)when the aircraft is entering the final approach segment.
“Appropriate aeronautical radio station”, in relation to an aircraft, means an aeronautical radio station serving the area in which the aircraft is in at that point in time.
“Appropriate air traffic control unit”, in relation to an aircraft, means a unit that is responsible for providing air traffic control services to the aircraft in the airspace which the aircraft is in at that point in time.
“Appropriate air traffic services unit”, in relation to an aircraft, means an air traffic services unit that is responsible for providing air traffic services for the aircraft in the airspace which the aircraft is in at that point in time.
“Appropriate air traffic services authority” means the relevant authority designated by the State responsible for providing air traffic services in the particular airspace concerned.
“Apron” means a defined area within a land aerodrome intended to accommodate aircraft for the purpose of loading or unloading passengers, mail or cargo, fuelling, parking, or maintenance.
“Area navigation” means a method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path —
(a)within the coverage of ground or space based navigation aids;
(b)within the limits of the capability of self-contained aids; or
(c)that is a combination of paragraphs (a) and (b).
“ATS” means air traffic services.
“Baggage” means personal property of any passenger or crew member that is carried on an aircraft by agreement with the operator.
“Balloon” means a non‑power‑driven lighter‑than‑air aircraft.
“Cabin crew member” means a member of the crew who performs, in the interests of safety of passengers, duties assigned by the operator or the pilot‑in‑command of the aircraft, but does not include a flight crew member.
“Cargo”, in relation to freight or air cargo, means any property carried on an aircraft other than mail, stores and accompanied or mishandled baggage.
“Ceiling” means the height above the ground or water of the base of the lowest layer of cloud below 20,000 ft covering more than half the sky.
“Certificate of Airworthiness” —
(a)means a certificate issued or rendered valid by the State of Registry or the relevant State based on an Article 83 bis agreement that certifies that the aircraft is in compliance with applicable airworthiness and safety requirements; and
(b)includes any validation by the State of Registry or the relevant State based on an Article 83 bis agreement, and any flight manual, performance schedule or other document, whatever its title, incorporated by reference in that certificate relating to the Certificate of Airworthiness.
“Certificate of release to service” means a certificate that is issued under paragraph 10 of the Air Navigation Order.
“Combined vision system” or “CVS” means a system to display images from a combination of an enhanced vision system and a synthetic vision system.
“Commercial air transport”, in relation to an aircraft operation, means an aircraft operation involving the transport of passengers, cargo or mail for remuneration or hire, but does not include the carriage of passengers who are participants of an aerial sports activity as determined by the Director‑General of Civil Aviation.
“Competent authority” means —
(a)in relation to Singapore, the Authority; and
(b)in relation to any other country, the authority responsible under the law of that country for exercising the safety regulatory oversight of civil aviation.
“Complex general aviation”, in relation to an aircraft operation, means either of the following operations:
(a)a general aviation operation using an aeroplane —
(i)with an MCTOM exceeding 5,700 kg;
(ii)with an MAPSC exceeding 9; or
(iii)which is equipped with at least one turbine engine;
(b)a corporate aviation operation that uses 3 or more aircraft, as long as one of the aircraft is an aeroplane.
[S 677/2018 wef 09/10/2018]
“Configuration”, in relation to an aeroplane, means a particular combination of the positions of the movable elements, such as wing flaps or landing gear, which affect the aerodynamic characteristics of the aeroplane.
“Congested area”, in relation to a city, town, or settlement, means any area which is substantially used for residential, industrial, commercial, or recreational purposes.
“Continuing airworthiness” means the set of processes by which an operator of an aircraft complies with the applicable airworthiness requirements for that aircraft, engine, propeller or part to remain in a condition for safe operation throughout the operating life of the aircraft, engine, propeller or part respectively.
“Controlling RVR” —
(a)means the reported values of one or more RVR reporting locations (touchdown, mid‑point and stop‑end) used to determine whether operating minima are or are not met; and
(b)unless otherwise specified, is the touchdown RVR whenever RVR is used.
“Corporate aviation”, in relation to an aircraft operation, means the non‑commercial operation or use of an aircraft by a company for the carriage of passengers or goods as an aid to the conduct of company business, flown by one or more professional pilots who are employed by the company to fly the aircraft.
[S 677/2018 wef 09/10/2018]
“Crew member” means a person assigned by an operator of an aircraft to be involved in the operation of the aircraft during any portion of a flight.
“Critical phase of flight”, in relation to aircraft operations, includes an operation involving push back, taxi, take‑off, approach and landing.
“Dangerous goods” has the meaning given to that term in the First Schedule to the Air Navigation (92 — Carriage of Dangerous Goods) Regulations 2022 (G.N. No. S 998/2022).
[S 999/2022 wef 01/01/2023]
“Dangerous goods incident” has the meaning given to that term in the First Schedule to the Air Navigation (92 — Carriage of Dangerous Goods) Regulations 2022.
[S 999/2022 wef 01/01/2023]
“Decision altitude” or “DA”, “decision height” or “DH”, in relation to the operation of an aircraft at an aerodrome, means a specified altitude or height in a three‑dimensional (3D) instrument approach operation at which the pilot‑in‑command must initiate a missed approach if the visual reference to continue the approach has not been established.
“Destination alternate” means an alternate aerodrome or heliport at which an aircraft would be able to land should it become either impossible or inadvisable to land at the aerodrome or heliport of intended landing.
“Emergency locator transmitter” or “ELT” means any equipment which broadcasts distinctive signals on designated frequencies and, depending on application, is automatically activated by impact or manually activated, and includes the following:
(a)automatic fixed ELT, which is an automatically activated ELT that is permanently attached to an aircraft;
(b)automatic portable ELT, which is an automatically activated ELT that is rigidly attached to an aircraft but may be removed readily;
(c)automatically deployable ELT, which is an ELT that is rigidly attached to an aircraft and is capable of both manual deployment and automatic deployment and activation upon impact;
(d)survival ELT, which is an ELT which is removable from an aircraft that is stowed so as to facilitate its ready use in an emergency and is activated manually.
“Engine” means a unit which is used or intended to be used for aircraft propulsion and which consists of at least those components and equipment necessary for functioning and control of the aircraft, but excludes the propeller or rotors, if applicable.
“Enhanced vision system” or “EVS” means a system to display electronic real‑time images of the external scene achieved through the use of image sensors but does not include night vision imaging systems (NVIS).
“Equivalent release document” means a document issued in accordance with the regulations of a foreign civil aviation authority and accepted by the Director‑General of Civil Aviation as equivalent to a certificate of release to service.
“Estimated time of use”, in relation to a destination alternate aerodrome or heliport, means the period that commences one hour before the earliest time of arrival and ends one hour after the latest time of arrival.
“Fatigue” means a physiological state of reduced mental or physical performance capability resulting from sleep loss or extended wakefulness, circadian phase, or workload (mental or physical activity, or both) that can impair a person’s alertness and ability to safely operate an aircraft or perform safety‑related duties.
“Final approach and take‑off area” means a defined area —
(a)over which the final phase of the approach procedure to hover or land is completed and from which the take‑off manoeuvre is commenced; and
(b)that includes the rejected take-off area available, in the case of a helicopter operating in Performance Class 1.
“Final approach segment” means the segment of an instrument approach procedure in which alignment and descent for landing are accomplished.
“Flight” means the period that commences when a powered aircraft first moves under its own power for the purposes of taking off or in the case of a glider when it first moves and ends when the aircraft or glider comes to rest after landing.
“Flight crew member” means a licensed crew member charged with duties essential to the operation of an aircraft during a flight duty period.
“Flight dispatcher” or “flight operations officer” means a person designated by the operator of an aircraft —
(a)to engage in the control and supervision of flight operations while acting as a close link between the aircraft in flight and the ground services, and between the flight crew and the operator’s ground staff; and
(b)to provide support, briefing or assistance to the pilot‑in‑command in the safe conduct of the flight, including pre‑flight preparation for the despatch release.
“Flight duty period” means a period which commences when a flight or cabin crew member is required to report for any duty that includes a flight or series of flights and which finishes when the aircraft finally comes to rest and the engines are shut down at the end of the last flight on which he or she is a crew member.
[S 179/2019 wef 31/03/2019]
“Flight level” means a surface of constant atmospheric pressure which is related to a specific pressure datum (1013.2 hPa or 1013.2 mb) and is separated from other such surfaces by specific pressure intervals.
“Flight manual” means a manual that is associated with an aircraft’s Certificate of Airworthiness and contains —
(a)the limitations within which the aircraft may be considered airworthy; and
(b)the instructions and information necessary for the flight crew to safely operate the aircraft.
“Flight plan” means specified information provided to air traffic services units, relative to an intended flight or portion of a flight of an aircraft.
“Flight recorder” means any type of recorder installed in the aircraft for the purpose of complementing an investigation into an accident or incident involving the aircraft, and includes the types of flight recorders specified in Aviation Specifications 2 — Flight Recorders issued by the Director‑General of Civil Aviation.
[S 209/2020 wef 01/04/2020]
“Flight simulation training device” or “FSTD” means any one of the following types of apparatus in which flight conditions are simulated on the ground:
(a)a flight simulator, which provides an accurate representation of the flight deck of a particular aircraft type to the extent that the mechanical, electrical, electronic, etc., aircraft systems control functions, the normal environment of flight crew members, and the performance and flight characteristics of that aircraft type are realistically simulated;
(b)a flight procedure trainer, which provides a realistic flight deck environment and which simulates instrument responses, simple control functions of the mechanical, electrical, electronic, etc., aircraft systems, and the performance and flight characteristics of aircraft of a particular class;
(c)a basic instrument flight trainer, which is equipped with appropriate instruments and which simulates the flight deck environment of an aircraft in flight in instrument flight conditions.
“Flight time” means —
(a)in relation to an aeroplane, the total time from the moment an aeroplane first moves under its own power for the purpose of taking off until the moment it comes to rest at the end of the flight;
(b)in relation to a helicopter, the total time from the moment a helicopter’s rotor blades start turning until the moment the helicopter comes to rest at the end of the flight, and the rotor blades are stopped.
“Flying machine” means a heavier-than-air aircraft that is power‑driven and includes —
(a)an aeroplane (such as a landplane, seaplane, amphibian or self‑launching motor glider);
(b)a powered lift (or tilt rotor); and
(c)a rotorcraft (such as a helicopter or gyroplane).
“Forecast”, in relation to meteorological conditions, means a statement of expected meteorological conditions for a specified time or period, and for a specified area or portion of airspace.
“Foreign operator” means an operator whose principal place of business is not in Singapore.
“General aviation”, in relation to an aircraft operation, means the operation of one or more aircraft for any purpose other than for commercial air transport or aerial work.
“Heading” means the direction in which the longitudinal axis of an aircraft is pointed, usually expressed in degrees from North (true, magnetic or compass).
“Head-up display” or “HUD” means a display system that presents flight information into the pilot’s forward external field of view.
“Helicopter” means a heavier-than-air aircraft supported in flight chiefly by the reactions of the air on one or more power‑driven rotors on substantially vertical axes.
“Heliport” means an aerodrome or a defined area on a structure intended to be used wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of helicopters.
“Hostile environment” means an environment in which —
(a)in all cases —
(i)a safe forced landing cannot be accomplished because the surface and surrounding environment are inadequate;
(ii)search and rescue response or capability is not provided consistent with anticipated exposure; or
(iii)there is an unacceptable risk of endangering persons or property on the ground; or
(b)in the case where the aircraft is a helicopter, the helicopter occupants cannot be adequately protected from the elements.
“Human performance” means human capabilities and limitations which have an impact on the safety and efficiency of aeronautical operations.
“IFR flight” means a flight conducted in accordance with the Instrument Flight Rules.
“Instrument approach operation” —
(a)means an approach and landing using instruments for navigation guidance based on an instrument approach procedure, executed in the following methods:
(i)a two-dimensional (2D) instrument approach operation, using lateral navigation guidance only;
(ii)a three-dimensional (3D) instrument approach operation, using both lateral and vertical navigation guidance; and
(b)is classified based on the designed lowest operating minima below which an approach operation must only be continued with the required visual reference as follows:
(i)Type A: which is an instrument approach operation that involves a minimum descent height or decision height at or above 75 m (250 ft); and
(ii)Type B: which is an instrument approach operation that involves a decision height below 75 m (250 ft) and which is further categorised as follows:
(A)Category I (CAT I): where the decision height is not lower than 60 m (200 ft) and with either a visibility not less than 800 m or a runway visual range not less than 550 m;
(B)Category II (CAT II): where the decision height is lower than 60 m (200 ft), but not lower than 30 m (100 ft) and with a runway visual range not less than 300 m;
(C)Category III (CAT III): where the decision height is lower than 30 m (100 ft), or there is no decision height, and with either a runway visual range less than 300 m or no runway visual range limitations.
[S 937/2020 wef 05/11/2020]
(D)[Deleted by S 937/2020 wef 05/11/2020]
(E)[Deleted by S 937/2020 wef 05/11/2020]
“Instrument approach procedure” means a series of pre-determined manoeuvres by reference to flight instruments with specified protection from obstacles from the initial approach fix or from the beginning of a defined arrival route where applicable, to a point from which a landing can be completed and thereafter, if a landing is not completed, to a position at which holding or en-route obstacle clearance criteria apply.
“Instrument Flight Rules” means the Instrument Flight Rules contained in the Rules of the Air.
“Instrument meteorological conditions” means meteorological conditions, expressed in terms of visibility distance from cloud and ceiling, which are less than the minima specified for visual meteorological conditions.
“Interchange”, in relation to aircraft, means a mutual exchange of aircraft between 2 operators for an agreed period of time.
“Isolated aerodrome” means a destination aerodrome for which there is no destination alternate aerodrome suitable for a given aeroplane type.
“Isolated heliport” means a destination heliport for which there is no destination alternate heliport suitable for a given helicopter type.
“Landplane” means a fixed wing aircraft which is designed for taking off and landing on land and includes an amphibian aeroplane that is operated as a landplane.
“Licence” includes any certificate of competency or certificate of validity issued with the licence or required to be held in connection with the licence by the law of the country in which the licence is granted.
“Life jacket” means any device designed to support a person individually in or on water.
“Load sheet” means a document which enables the pilot-in-command to determine that the aircraft’s load and its distribution throughout the aircraft are such that the mass and balance limits of the aircraft are not exceeded.
“Log book”, in the case of an aircraft log book, engine log book or variable pitch propeller log book, or personal flying log book, includes a record kept in a book or by any other means approved by the Director‑General of Civil Aviation in the particular case.
“Maintenance programme” means the maintenance schedule and related procedures necessary for the safe operation of those aircraft to which it applies.
“Maintenance release” means a document which contains a certification confirming that the maintenance work to which it relates has been completed in a satisfactory manner, either in accordance with the approved data and the procedures described in the maintenance organisation’s procedures manual or under an equivalent system.
“Maintenance schedule” means a document which describes the specific scheduled maintenance tasks and the frequency of completion for each scheduled task to ensure the safe operation of those aircraft to which the schedule applies.
“Master minimum equipment list” or “MMEL” means a list that —
(a)is established for a particular aircraft type by the organisation responsible for the type design with the approval of the State of Design;
(b)contains the items which are permitted to be unserviceable at the commencement of the flight; and
(c)may be for general use or associated with special operating conditions, limitations or procedures.
“Maximum approved passenger seating configuration” or “MAPSC” means the maximum passenger seating capacity of an individual aircraft that is specified in the operations manual, used by the operator and approved by the appropriate authority, and excludes pilot seats or flight deck seats and cabin crew seats, as applicable.
“Maximum certificated take-off mass” or “MCTOM”, in relation to an aircraft, means the maximum total mass of the aircraft and its contents at which the aircraft may take off anywhere in the world, in the most favourable circumstances in accordance with the Certificate of Airworthiness in force in respect of the aircraft.
“Meteorological information” means a meteorological report, analysis, forecast, and any other statement relating to existing or expected meteorological conditions.
“Minimum descent altitude” or “MDA”, or “minimum descent height” or “MDH”, means a specified altitude or height in a two‑dimensional (2D) instrument approach operation or circling approach operation below which the pilot‑in‑command must not continue the descent without the required visual reference.
“Minimum equipment list” or “MEL” means a list which states the particular equipment which may be inoperative during the operation of an aircraft, subject to specific conditions, and which is prepared by an operator in conformity with, to be more restrictive than, the MMEL established for the aircraft type.
“Modification”, in relation to an aircraft or aircraft component, means the alteration of the aircraft or aircraft component to conform to the approved standard for that aircraft or aircraft component.
“Movement area” means that part of an aerodrome to be used for the take‑off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, consisting of the manoeuvring area and an apron.
“Navigation guidance” means guidance in the lateral or vertical plane that is provided by —
(a)a ground-based radio navigation aid; or
(b)computer-generated navigation data from ground‑based, space‑based or self‑contained navigation aids, or a combination of these aids.
“Navigation specification” means a set of aircraft and flight crew requirements needed to support performance‑based navigation operations within a defined airspace.
“Night” means the time between 20 minutes after sunset and 20 minutes before sunrise, the timing of sunset and sunrise being determined at surface level.
“Noise certificate” means a certificate issued or validated or other document approved by the competent authority of a State to the effect that the aircraft to which the certificate or other document relates complies with the applicable noise certification requirement in force in that State.
“NOTAM” or “notice to airmen” means a notice distributed by means of telecommunication containing information concerning the establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility, service, procedure or hazard, the timely knowledge of which is essential to personnel concerned with flight operations.
“Obstacle” means any fixed or mobile object or part thereof —
(a)which is located in an area intended for the surface movement of aircraft; or
(b)which extends above a defined surface intended to protect aircraft in flight.
“Obstacle clearance altitude” or “obstacle clearance height” means the lowest altitude or the lowest height above the elevation of the relevant runway threshold or the aerodrome elevation as applicable, used to establish compliance with appropriate obstacle clearance criteria.
“Operational control” means the exercise of authority over the initiation, continuation, diversion or termination of a flight in the interest of the safety of the aircraft, or the regularity or efficiency of the flight.
“Operational credit” means —
(a)a minima below the aerodrome operating minima, in the case of an approach ban;
(b)reducing or satisfying the visibility requirements; or
(c)requiring fewer ground facilities as compensated for by airborne capabilities.
“Operational flight plan”, in relation to an aeroplane or helicopter, means an operator’s plan for the safe conduct of the flight based on considerations of the aeroplane’s or helicopter’s performance, other operating limitations and relevant expected conditions on the route to be followed and at the aerodromes or heliports concerned.
“Operations Manual” means a manual containing procedures, instructions and guidance for use by operational personnel in the execution of their duties.
“Operator” means the person who, at the relevant time, is engaged in or offering to engage in an aircraft operation, except in the following cases:
(a)where there is an agreement for the charter, hire, lease or loan of an aircraft from one person (called the firstmentioned person) to another person, other than an air transport undertaking or an aerial work undertaking for a period not exceeding 14 days, the firstmentioned person is deemed to be the operator;
(b)where the aircraft is not used in an aircraft operation, the person who owns or whose management or control the aircraft is in is deemed to be the operator; or
(c)where regulation 4 applies.
“Performance-based communication” or “PBC” means communication based on performance specifications applied to the provision of air traffic services.
“Performance-based navigation” or “PBN” means area navigation based on performance requirements for aircraft operating along an ATS route, on an instrument approach procedure or in a designated airspace.
“Performance-based surveillance” or “PBS” means a surveillance based on performance specifications applied to the provision of air traffic services.
“Performance Class 1”, in relation to helicopter operations, means a flight where, in the event of the failure of an engine —
(a)when the engine failure recognition occurs during take off at or before the helicopter reaches the take‑off decision point, the helicopter will be able to land safely within the area from which it had taken off; or
(b)when the engine failure recognition occurs at any other time during flight, the helicopter will be able to continue the flight safely and land at an appropriate landing area.
“Performance Class 2”, in relation to helicopter operations, means a flight where, in the event of the failure of an engine —
(a)where the failure occurs during the take-off manoeuvre or the landing manoeuvre, and the helicopter is unable to take off or land, the helicopter will be able to carry out a forced landing; or
(b)where the failure occurs at any other point during the flight, the helicopter will be able to safely continue the flight to an appropriate landing area.
“Performance Class 3”, in relation to helicopter operations, means a flight where, in the event of the failure of an engine at any time during the flight, the helicopter will be required to carry out a forced landing.
“Permit to fly” means a certificate issued by the Authority to permit an aircraft, that does not have a valid certificate of airworthiness or is not constructed to international recognised design standards, to fly in accordance with conditions specified on the certificate.
“Point of no return” or “PNR” means the last possible geographic point at which an aeroplane can proceed to the destination aerodrome as well as to an available en route alternate aerodrome for a given flight.
“Portable electronic device” or “PED” means any electronic device that transmits electromagnetic signals and is capable of being brought on board an aeroplane, and which includes both intentionally transmitting PED and unintentionally transmitting PED, but does not include —
(a)a PED that has very low power consumption (such as a heart pacemaker, hearing aid or digital watch); or
(b)a medical PED (such as an automated external defibrillator or a portable oxygen concentrator) that is approved for use in the aeroplane.
“Precision approach” means an instrument approach using Instrument Landing System, Microwave Landing System or Precision Approach Radar for guidance in both azimuth and elevation.
“Pressure altitude” means an atmospheric pressure, expressed in terms of altitude, which corresponds to that pressure in the Standard Atmosphere.
“Pressurised aircraft” means an aircraft provided with means of maintaining in any compartment of the aircraft a pressure greater than that of the surrounding atmosphere.
“Principal place of business” means the head office or registered office of the organisation within which the principal financial functions and operational control of the activities referred to in these Regulations are exercised.
“Private flight” means a flight, which is neither for the purpose of aerial work nor commercial air transport.
“Psychoactive substances” includes alcohol, opioids, cannabinoids, sedatives and hypnotics, cocaine, other psychostimulants, hallucinogens, and volatile solvents, and excludes coffee and tobacco.
“Quality system” means the organisational structure, procedures, processes and resources needed to implement quality management.
“Rating” means an authorisation entered on, or associated with, a licence and forming part of a licence, which states special conditions, privileges, or limitations pertaining to such licence.
“Record” —
(a)includes —
(i)a record in writing:
(ii)any disc, tape, soundtrack or other device in which sounds or signals are embodied so as to be capable (with or without the aid of some other instrument) of being reproduced therefrom;
(iii)any film, tape or other device in which visual images are embodied so as to be capable (with or without the aid of some other instrument) of being reproduced therefrom; and
(iv)any photograph; and
(b)any reference to a copy of a record includes —
(i)in the case of a record that falls within paragraph (a)(ii) only, a transcript of the sounds or signals embodied therein;
(ii)in the case of a record that falls within paragraph (a)(iii) only, a still reproduction of the images embodied therein; and
(iii)in the case of a record falling within both paragraph (a)(ii) and (iii), such a transcript together with such a still reproduction.
“Reduced vertical separation minimum airspace” or “RVSM airspace” means any airspace between flight level 290 and flight level 410 (both altitudes inclusive) designated by the relevant competent authority as being airspace within which a vertical separation minimum of 300 metres (1,000 ft) is to be applied.
“Repair” means the restoration of an aeronautical product to an airworthy condition to ensure that the aircraft continues to comply with design aspects of the appropriate airworthiness requirements used for the issuance of the type certificate of the respective aircraft type, after that aeronautical product has been damaged or subject to wear.
“Replacement”, in relation to any part of an aircraft or its equipment, includes the removal and replacement of that part whether or not by the same part, and whether or not any work is done on it; but does not include the removal and replacement of a part which is designated to be removable solely for the purpose of enabling another part to be inspected, repaired, removed or replaced or cargo to be loaded.
“Rules of the Air” means the rules set out in the Eleventh Schedule to the Air Navigation Order.
“Runway” means a defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and take‑off of aircraft.
“Runway visual range” or “RVR” means the range over which the pilot of an aircraft on the centre line of a runway can see —
(a)the runway surface markings;
(b)the lights delineating the runway; or
(c)the lights identifying its centre line.
“Seaplane” means a fixed wing aircraft which is designed for taking off and landing on water and includes an amphibian aeroplane that is being operated as a seaplane.
“Search and rescue facility” means any mobile resource used to conduct search and rescue operations, and includes designated search and rescue units.
“Singapore operator” means the holder of one of the following aviation safety instruments:
(a)an air operator certificate issued under the Air Navigation (119 — Air Operator Certification) Regulations 2018;
(b)an aerial work certificate issued under the Air Navigation (137 — Aerial Work) Regulations 2018;
(c)a complex general aviation certificate issued under the Air Navigation (125 — Complex General Aviation) Regulations 2018.
[S 677/2018 wef 09/10/2018]
“State of Design” means the State which has jurisdiction over the organisation responsible for the type design.
“State of Manufacture” means the State which has jurisdiction over the organisation responsible for the final assembly of the aircraft, engine or propeller.
[S 768/2018 wef 24/11/2018]
“State of the Aerodrome” means the State in which the aerodrome is located.
“Suitable alternate aerodrome” means an aerodrome where, at the anticipated time of use —
(a)the weather reports or forecasts, or any combination of the reports and forecasts, indicate that the weather conditions will be at or above the required aerodrome operating minima; and
(b)the runway surface condition reports indicate that a safe landing will be possible.
“Take-off alternate” means an alternate aerodrome at which an aircraft can land if it become necessary for the aircraft to land shortly after take‑off and the aerodrome of departure cannot be used.
“Taxi”, in relation to an aircraft, means the movement of an aircraft on the surface of an aerodrome under its own power, excluding take‑off and landing.
“Touchdown” means the point at which the nominal glide path of an aircraft intercepts the runway.
“Transition altitude” or “transition level” means the altitude at or below which the vertical position of an aircraft is controlled by reference to altitudes.
“Type certificate” means a document issued by a State of Design —
(a)to define the design of an aircraft, engine or propeller type; and
(b)to certify that this design complies with the appropriate airworthiness requirements of the State.
[S 768/2018 wef 24/11/2018]
“VFR flight” means a flight conducted in accordance with the Visual Flight Rules.
“Visibility”, for aeronautical purposes, means the greater of —
(a)the furthest distance at which a black object of suitable dimensions, situated near the ground, can be seen and recognised when observed against a bright background; or
(b)the furthest distance at which lights in the vicinity of 1,000 candelas can be seen and identified against an unlit background.
“Visual Flight Rules” or “VFR” means the Visual Flight Rules contained in the Rules of the Air.
“Visual meteorological conditions” or “VMC” means meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility distance from cloud, and ceiling, which is equal to or better than specified minima.