Division 6 — Instrument and equipment
General
82.—(1)  An AOC holder must ensure that a relevant aircraft does not commence a flight unless —
(a)the aircraft is equipped with the type and number of instruments and equipment that the aircraft is required to be equipped with under the provisions of this Division; and
(b)the prescribed instruments and equipment, and the manner of their installation, are approved or accepted by the aircraft’s State of Registry.
(2)  Where a relevant aircraft is registered in Singapore, the AOC holder must ensure that —
(a)a prescribed instrument or item of equipment (other than a prescribed instrument or item of equipment listed in the Second Schedule) that is installed on the aircraft; and
(b)the manner of installation of the instrument or item of equipment described in sub‑paragraph (a),
is approved or accepted by the Director-General of Civil Aviation in accordance with the Air Navigation Order (O 2).
(3)  The Director-General of Civil Aviation may, in any particular case, direct an AOC holder to carry, on a relevant aircraft, such additional, or special, equipment or supplies as the Director‑General may specify —
(a)to facilitate the navigation of the aircraft;
(b)to carry out search and rescue operations; or
(c)for the survival of any person carried on board the aircraft.
Inoperative instruments and equipment
83.—(1)  Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), an AOC holder must not commence any flight of a relevant aircraft if any instrument or item of equipment that the aircraft is required under these Regulations to carry on the aircraft in the circumstances of the intended flight is not carried or is not in a fit condition for use.
(2)  The Director-General of Civil Aviation may, subject to such conditions as the Director‑General of Civil Aviation considers appropriate, permit an AOC holder to operate a particular relevant aircraft in specific circumstances even if the aircraft does not carry any required instrument or item of equipment or that instrument or item of equipment is not in a fit condition for use.
(3)  When a permission is granted under paragraph (2), the AOC holder may operate the specified aircraft under the specified circumstances if —
(a)the AOC holder has provided the particulars of the permission to the pilot‑in‑command of the aircraft;
(b)the pilot-in-command has reviewed the particulars of the permission and determined that compliance with regulation 24 of the Air Navigation (91 — General Operating Rules) Regulations 2018 is possible; and
(c)every inoperative instrument or item of equipment is conspicuously marked “Inoperative” and the details of its required maintenance is recorded in the technical log.
(4)  To avoid doubt, a permission granted under paragraph (2) in respect of a foreign registered aircraft does not affect the AOC holder’s responsibility to comply with the airworthiness requirements of the State of Registry.
(5)  Where an exit door of any relevant aircraft becomes inoperative at a place where repairing or replacing the exit door is not reasonably practicable, the AOC holder may permit the aircraft to continue carrying passengers until the aircraft lands at a place where the exit door can be repaired if all the following conditions are met:
(a)the total number of inoperative exit doors does not exceed one, or such number approved by the Director‑General of Civil Aviation;
(b)the conditions of flight are in accordance with arrangements approved by the Director‑General of Civil Aviation either in relation to the particular aircraft, or to the class of aircraft to which the aircraft belongs to, in respect of —
(i)the number of passengers carried;
(ii)the position of the seats which the passengers occupy;
(iii)the fastening of the inoperative exit door by locking or otherwise;
(iv)the covering of the words “Exit” or “Emergency Exit” or an equivalent symbol above the inoperative exit door; and
(v)the conspicuous marking of the inoperative exit door by appropriate means to indicate that it is inoperative.
Minimum equipment list
84.—(1)  For every relevant aircraft in its fleet, the AOC holder must establish a minimum equipment list —
(a)that is approved by the Director‑General of Civil Aviation;
(b)that is based upon, but no less restrictive than, the relevant master minimum equipment list; and
(c)that includes any permission granted by the Director‑General of Civil Aviation in regulation 83.
(2)  The minimum equipment list established under paragraph (1) must be described in the AOC holder’s Operations Manual.
Marking of exits and break-in areas
85.—(1)  An AOC holder must ensure that —
(a)every exit from a relevant aircraft is marked with —
(i)a universal symbolic exit sign approved by the Director‑General of Civil Aviation or the words “EXIT” or “EMERGENCY EXIT”; and
(ii)instructions in English and diagrams to indicate the correct method of opening the exit;
(b)the markings required under sub‑paragraph (a) —
(i)are red or green in colour;
(ii)are placed on or near the inside surface of the door or other closure of the exit; and
(iii)if the exit can be opened from the outside of the aircraft, are also placed on or near the exterior surface.
(2)  An AOC holder must ensure that every exit from a relevant aircraft that is intended to be used by passengers in an emergency is marked on the exterior of the aircraft by a band outlining the exit that —
(a)is not less than 5 cm in width; and
(b)is in a colour that clearly contrasts with the background on which the marking appears.
(3)  An AOC holder must ensure that every area of the aircraft fuselage of a relevant aircraft that is suitable for break‑in by rescue crews in the event of an emergency (called in this regulation a break‑in area) —
(a)is rectangular in shape;
(b)is marked on the exterior surface of the aircraft’s fuselage by right-angled corner markings, each arm of which is 10 cm in length along the outer edge and 3 cm in width; and
(c)is marked across the centre with the words “CUT HERE IN EMERGENCY”.
(4)  When a break-in area marked in accordance with paragraph (3) has corner markings that are more than 2 m apart, the AOC holder for that aircraft must ensure that the break‑in area is marked with intermediate lines 10 cm in length and 3 cm in width such that the distance between adjacent markings does not exceed 2 m.
(5)  An AOC holder must ensure that, apart from a marking required under paragraph (1) or (2), every marking required under this regulation —
(a)is red in colour; and
(b)in any case where the colour of the adjacent background renders the red marking not readily visible, is outlined in white or some other contrasting colour in such a manner as to render the marking readily visible.
(6)  An AOC holder must ensure that every marking required under this regulation —
(a)is painted or affixed by other equally permanent means; and
(b)is kept clean and unobscured at all times.
Location of instruments and equipment
86.  An AOC holder must ensure that —
(a)any instrument or item of equipment, installed on a relevant aircraft, that is to be operated or used by a single pilot is installed so that the instrument or item of equipment can be readily seen and operated from that pilot's normal seating position with minimum practicable deviation from the pilot’s normal line of sight when the aircraft is in flight; and
(b)any single instrument or item of equipment, installed on a relevant aircraft, that is to be operated or used by 2 pilots is installed so that the instrument or item of equipment can be readily seen and operated from each pilot’s normal seating position.
Markings and placards
87.  An AOC holder must ensure that, for every relevant aircraft —
(a)any placard, listing or instrument marking containing the operating limitations of the aircraft is displayed —
(i)in a conspicuous place in the aircraft; and
(ii)in such a manner to minimise the risk of erasure, disfigurement, obscuring or removal;
(b)each unit of measure used on a placard, listing or instrument marking is the same as that on any related instrument or in the related flight manual;
(c)each fuel contents gauge is clearly marked to indicate the units to which the gauge is calibrated;
(d)a placard or marking is displayed in the immediate vicinity of each fuel and oil filler with the specification or grade, or both, of fuel or oil, as appropriate;
(e)for every door (other than a flight deck door, if installed) in the aircraft that separates a passenger compartment from another compartment that has emergency exit provisions, a placard is displayed to indicate that the door must be open during take‑off and landing;
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(f)any placard or marking required under any certificate issued in respect of the aircraft is present at the designated location and remains legible; and
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(g)in the case of a relevant aircraft that is a small aeroplane, a passenger information sign or placard containing a prohibition against smoking is displayed in each lavatory compartment and every other appropriate location in the aircraft.
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Seating and restraints
88.—(1)  Subject to paragraph (3), an AOC holder must ensure that every relevant aircraft is equipped with —
(a)a seat or berth for each person on board; and
(b)a safety belt for each seat and a restraining belt for each berth.
(2)  An AOC holder must ensure that each seat provided in a relevant aircraft for a flight crew member —
(a)is equipped with a safety harness or, if the aircraft type certificate allows, a seat belt with a diagonal shoulder strap; and
(b)incorporates a means —
(i)to automatically restrain the occupant in the event of rapid deceleration; and
(ii)to prevent an incapacitated occupant from interfering with the controls, where practicable.
(3)  An AOC holder must ensure that every passenger under 2 years of age on board a relevant aircraft is provided with a child restraint device.
(4)  For every relevant aircraft with a Certificate of Airworthiness that is issued on or after 1 January 1981, the AOC holder must ensure that the aircraft is equipped with a forward or rearward facing seat for each cabin crew member that —
(a)is fitted with a safety harness;
(b)is within 15 degrees of the longitudinal axis of the aircraft;
(c)is located near floor level; and
(d)is close to emergency exits.
Aircraft operating under VFR
89.  An AOC holder must ensure that a relevant aircraft that is to be flown in accordance with the Visual Flight Rules is equipped with a means of measuring and displaying —
(a)magnetic heading;
(b)the time in hours, minutes and seconds;
(c)barometric altitude;
(d)indicated airspeed;
(e)mach number, if the speed limitation prescribed by the aircraft flight manual is expressed in terms of mach number; and
(f)turn direction and rate of turn, if the aircraft is a helicopter.
VFR flights operated as controlled flights
90.  An AOC holder must ensure that a relevant aircraft that is to be flown as a controlled flight in accordance with the Visual Flight Rules is equipped in accordance with regulation 92.
Equipment for flight in icing conditions
91.  An AOC holder must ensure that a relevant aircraft that is to be flown in circumstances in which icing conditions are reported to exist or are expected to be encountered is certificated and equipped to operate in icing conditions for flight.
Aircraft operating at night or under IFR
92.—(1)  An AOC holder must ensure that a relevant aircraft that is to be flown at night, in accordance with the Instrument Flight Rules, or when the surface is not in sight, is equipped with a means of measuring and displaying —
(a)magnetic heading;
(b)the time in hours, minutes and seconds;
(c)barometric altitude from 2 independent altimetry sources;
(d)airspeed calibrated in knots, with a means of preventing malfunctioning due to either condensation or icing;
(e)mach number, if the speed limitation specified in the aircraft’s flight manual is expressed in terms of mach number;
(f)aircraft attitude for each pilot required for that operation;
(g)stabilised aircraft heading;
(h)the adequacy of the power supply to any gyroscopic instruments;
(i)outside air temperature; and
(j)rate of climb and descent.
(2)  An AOC holder must ensure each attitude indicator required under paragraph (1)(f) —
(a)is powered by a separate power source that is capable of automatically continuing to power the indicator for at least 30 minutes after total failure of the main electrical generating system; and
(b)has an indicator on the instrument panel of the aircraft to inform the pilot when the attitude indicator is being operated by emergency power.
(3)  When a relevant aircraft is to be flown at night, the AOC holder must ensure the aircraft is equipped with the following lights:
(a)lights as required by the Rules of the Air;
(b)illumination for all flight instruments and equipment that are essential for the safe operation of the aircraft;
(c)lights in all passenger compartments;
(d)an independent portable light for each crew member station;
(e)a landing light, which must be trainable in the vertical plane if the aircraft is a helicopter.
(4)  When the aircraft mentioned in paragraph (1) is a small aeroplane, the AOC holder —
(a)must ensure that the aeroplane is equipped with a means of measuring and displaying turn and slip (called a turn and slip indicator);
(b)must ensure that equipment used to measure barometric altitude (as required under paragraph (1)(c)) —
(i)comprise at least one sensitive pressure altimeter; and
(ii)have counter‑drum pointer or equivalent presentation, if the aeroplane is a pressurised aeroplane; and
(c)may equip the aeroplane with an additional turn and slip indicator in lieu of one of the aircraft attitude indicators required under paragraph (1)(f).
(5)  When the aircraft mentioned in paragraph (1) is a helicopter, the AOC holder must ensure that —
(a)the helicopter is equipped with —
(i)a means of indicating aircraft attitude in addition to the requirements in paragraph (1)(f); and
(ii)a stabilisation system, unless the helicopter has been certified as having adequate stability without such a system; and
(b)the equipment used to measure barometric altitude indicators (as required under paragraph (1)(c)) are both sensitive pressure altimeters.
(6)  Where an aeroplane to be flown at night, or in accordance with the Instrument Flight Rules, is to be operated by a single pilot pursuant to regulation 129(2), the AOC holder must ensure that the aeroplane is equipped with —
(a)a serviceable autopilot with at least altitude and heading modes; and
(b)a means of displaying charts that enables the charts to be readable in the available lighting.
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(7)  In this regulation, “the surface is not in sight” means that —
(a)the flight crew is not able to see sufficient surface features; or
(b)the surface illumination is insufficient to enable the flight crew to maintain the aircraft in a desired attitude without reference to any flight instrument.
Spare fuses
93.—(1)  An AOC holder must ensure that every relevant aircraft carries on board a quantity of spare fuses mentioned in paragraph (2) for every fuse of an electrical circuit that is accessible for replacement while the aircraft is in flight.
(2)  The quantity of spare fuses required under paragraph (1) is the higher of —
(a)10% of the total number of fuses in each rating of fuses that are accessible for replacement while the aircraft is in flight; or
(b)3 fuses of such description.
Altitude alerting system
94.—(1)  An AOC holder must ensure that a small aeroplane that is powered by at least one turbine engine is equipped with an altitude alerting system or device.
(2)  The altitude alerting system or device provided in accordance with paragraph (1) must be capable of —
(a)alerting the pilot to an approaching pre-selected altitude by means of visual and aural signals, such that the pilot may establish level flight from climb or descent without exceeding the pre‑selected altitude;
(b)being tested without special equipment to determine proper operation of alerting signals;
(c)enabling the use of pre‑selected altitudes in increments commensurate with the altitudes at which the aeroplane is approved for use; and
(d)accepting barometric pressure settings if the system or device operates on barometric pressure.
(3)  An AOC holder must ensure that a small aeroplane that —
(a)is to be operated in accordance with the Instrument Flight Rules; and
(b)is not required to carry an altitude alerting system or device under paragraph (1),
is equipped with a means of indicating an altitude assigned by an appropriate air traffic control unit.
(4)  The means of indicating assigned altitude required under paragraph (3) —
(a)must be located so that adjustment of the assigned altitude information may be readily made from each pilot seat;
(b)must display assigned altitude information such that the information is clearly visible to all flight crew members whose duties involve monitoring altitude assignment; and
(c)must enable the use of pre-selected altitudes in increments commensurate with the altitudes at which the aeroplane is operated.
Communication equipment
95.—(1)  An AOC holder must ensure that every relevant aircraft is equipped with —
(a)radio communication equipment that is capable of providing continuous two‑way communication with an appropriate air traffic services unit or aeronautical telecommunication facility, and for receiving meteorological information, at any time during flight; and
(b)a headset with a boom or throat microphone.
(2)  The radio communication equipment required under paragraph (1) must provide for communication on the emergency frequency 121.5 MHz when necessary.
(3)  An AOC holder must not operate a relevant aircraft in defined portions of airspace or on a route where the appropriate air traffic services authority has specified a required communication performance for performance‑based communication unless —
(a)the aircraft is equipped to operate in accordance with the specified required communications performance; and
(b)the AOC holder has an approval granted by the Director-General of Civil Aviation under the Air Navigation (98 — Special Operations) Regulations 2018 for that purpose.
Navigation equipment
96.—(1)  An AOC holder must ensure that every relevant aircraft is equipped with a navigation system that enables the aircraft to proceed in accordance with —
(a)the operational flight plan; and
(b)the requirements of an appropriate air traffic services authority.
(2)  An AOC holder must not carry out a specified navigation performance operation with any relevant aircraft unless —
(a)the aircraft is equipped with the capability of operating in accordance with the specified navigation performance; and
(b)the AOC holder has an approval granted by the Director‑General of Civil Aviation under the Air Navigation (98 — Special Operations) Regulations 2018 for that purpose.
(3)  An AOC holder must not operate a small aeroplane in RVSM airspace unless —
(a)the aeroplane is equipped with the capability —
(i)to indicate to the flight crew the flight level being flown;
(ii)to automatically maintain a selected flight level;
(iii)to provide an alert to the flight crew when the altitude of the aeroplane deviates from the selected flight level by more than 300 ft (90 m); and
(iv)to automatically report pressure altitude; and
(b)the AOC holder has an approval granted by the Director-General of Civil Aviation under the Air Navigation (98 — Special Operations) Regulations 2018 for that purpose.
(4)  In this regulation, “specified navigation performance operation” has the meaning given by the Air Navigation (98 — Special Operations) Regulations 2018.
Surveillance equipment
97.—(1)  An AOC holder must equip every relevant aircraft with surveillance equipment that enables the aircraft to operate in accordance with the requirements of the appropriate air traffic services authority.
(2)  An AOC holder must not operate a relevant aircraft in an area where the appropriate air traffic services authority has specified a required surveillance performance for performance‑based surveillance unless —
(a)the aircraft is equipped with the capability of operating in accordance with the required surveillance performance specification; and
(b)the AOC holder has an approval granted by the Director-General of Civil Aviation under the Air Navigation (98 — Special Operations) Regulations 2018 for that purpose.
Installation of communication, navigation and surveillance equipment
98.  An AOC holder must ensure that the installation on a relevant aircraft of any equipment required for communication, navigation or surveillance purposes is such that the failure of any single unit of such equipment, or any combination of such equipment, will not result in the failure or another unit of equipment required for communications, navigation or surveillance purposes.
Landing in Instrument Meteorological Conditions
99.—(1)  An AOC holder must ensure that every relevant aircraft that may be required to land in Instrument Meteorological Conditions is provided with appropriate navigation equipment.
(2)  The navigation equipment provided in accordance with paragraph (1) must be capable of receiving signals to provide guidance to a point from which a visual landing can be made at any aerodrome of intended landing and any designated alternate aerodrome.
Category II or III precision approach equipment
100.  An AOC holder must not conduct a Category II or III precision approach procedure with a relevant aircraft unless —
(a)the aircraft is equipped with the capability to conduct such operations; and
(b)the AOC holder has an approval granted by the Director‑General of Civil Aviation under the Air Navigation (98 — Special Operations) Regulations 2018 for that purpose.
Crew intercom and public address system
101.  An AOC holder must ensure that every relevant aircraft that is not an aircraft certified for single pilot operations is equipped with —
(a)a suitable means to conduct passenger briefings; and
(b)a crew member intercom system.
Emergency lighting
102.—(1)  Before operating an aeroplane with an MCTOM exceeding 5,700 kg at night, the AOC holder must ensure that, to facilitate evacuation in the event of an emergency, the aeroplane is equipped with —
(a)an emergency lighting system that provides illumination in the passenger compartment and at the location of each emergency exit;
(b)an emergency floor path lighting system in the passenger compartment that leads to every emergency exit; and
(c)an emergency lighting system that provides illumination outside the aeroplane.
(2)  Before operating a helicopter at night, the AOC holder must ensure that the helicopter is equipped with an emergency lighting system in the passenger compartment to facilitate evacuation in the event of an emergency.
Medical and emergency equipment
103.—(1)  An AOC holder must ensure that every relevant aircraft is equipped with at least one first‑aid kit.
(2)  An AOC holder must ensure that the first‑aid kit provided in accordance with paragraph (1) —
(a)is stowed in an accessible place in the aircraft;
(b)contains items which are appropriate to the nature of the flight and is adequate to treat minor injuries;
(c)if the aircraft is required to carry cabin crew, is suitable for the use by the cabin crew to manage any incident of ill health.
(3)  An AOC holder must ensure that every relevant aircraft that is required to carry cabin crew carries a universal precaution kit suitable for the use by cabin crew members to manage —
(a)any incident of ill health associated with a case of suspected communicable disease; or
(b)any incident of illness involving contact with body fluids.
(4)  An AOC holder must ensure that every relevant aircraft is equipped with —
(a)at least one fire extinguisher, accessible to a flight crew member, on or near the flight deck; and
(b)at least one fire extinguisher in each compartment that is separate from the flight deck.
(5)  An AOC holder must ensure that every fire extinguisher provided in accordance with paragraph (4) —
(a)is of a type that will not cause dangerous contamination of the air within the aircraft; and
(b)is filled with extinguishing agent that is not a type listed in Annex A, Group II of the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer (8th Edition, 2009) if the fire extinguisher is —
(i)a portable fire extinguisher in a relevant aircraft for which the Certificate of Airworthiness is first issued (whether in Singapore or elsewhere) on or after 31 December 2018; or
(ii)a built-in fire extinguisher in a lavatory disposal receptacle for towels, paper or waste in a relevant aircraft for which the Certificate of Airworthiness is first issued (whether in Singapore or elsewhere) on or after 31 December 2011.
(6)  An AOC holder must ensure that every item of equipment provided in accordance with paragraphs (1), (3) and (4) is marked to clearly indicate its method of operation.
(7)  If an item of equipment required under paragraph (1), (3) or (4) is stored in a compartment or container, the AOC holder must ensure that the compartment or container is marked to indicate its contents.
Emergency locator transmitter
104.—(1)  An AOC holder must ensure every small aeroplane that corresponds to one of the following descriptions is equipped with emergency locator transmitters of the quantity and type specified for that aeroplane:
(a)an aeroplane for which the Certificate of Airworthiness was first issued (whether in Singapore or elsewhere) before 1 July 2008 must be equipped with at least one emergency locator transmitter of any type;
(b)an aeroplane for which the Certificate of Airworthiness was first issued (whether in Singapore or elsewhere) on or after 1 July 2008 must be equipped with at least one automatic ELT.
(2)  An AOC holder must ensure that every helicopter is equipped with —
(a)at least one automatic ELT; and
(b)if the helicopter is to be operated over water as described in regulation 106, at least one survival ELT which is stowed in a life raft or with a life jacket.
(3)  An AOC holder must ensure that every emergency locator transmitter that is provided in accordance with paragraph (1) or (2) —
(a)operates in accordance with the requirements of Volume III of Annex 10 to the Chicago Convention; and
(b)is capable of transmitting on 121.5 MHz and 406 MHz.
(4)  An AOC holder must ensure that every emergency locator transmitter that is capable of transmitting on 406 MHz —
(a)is coded in accordance with Volume III of Annex 10 of the Chicago Convention; and
(b)is registered with the agency responsible for the maintenance of the aircraft register in respect of the aircraft in which the emergency locator transmitter is installed.
Survival equipment
105.—(1)  Before the commencement of any flight of a relevant aircraft, the AOC holder must ensure that the aircraft carries survival equipment and signalling devices appropriate to the areas to be overflown and to the circumstances of the flight.
(2)  The equipment carried on a relevant aircraft for compliance with paragraph (1) may include, as appropriate, the equipment specified in regulation 106 and in the Third Schedule.
Flights over water — general requirements
106.—(1)  An AOC holder must ensure that a relevant aircraft that is to be flown over water is equipped with a life jacket for every person on board.
(2)  Every life jacket provided in accordance with paragraph (1) —
(a)must be equipped with a survivor locator light;
(b)must be equipped with a whistle, except for a life jacket constructed and carried on board solely for use by a child under 4 years of age; and
(c)must be stowed in a place which is easily accessible from the seat or berth of the person for whom the life jacket is provided.
(3)  An AOC holder must ensure that every life jacket, life raft or signalling device provided in accordance with this regulation and regulations 107 and 108 —
(a)is installed in a conspicuously identified location with the contents clearly indicated; and
(b)is easily accessible in the event of a ditching.
Flights over water — aeroplanes
107.—(1)  Before a small aeroplane with a single engine is operated over water at a distance that is more than 30 minutes at cruise speed or 100 NM, whichever is lesser, from land suitable to make an emergency landing, the AOC holder must equip the aeroplane with —
(a)life rafts in accordance with paragraph (4); and
(b)equipment for making distress signals, as described in the Rules of the Air.
(2)  Before a small aeroplane with more than one engine is operated over water at a distance that is more than 30 minutes at cruise speed or 100 NM, whichever is lesser, from land suitable to make an emergency landing, and if the aeroplane would be unable to maintain level flight above minimum altitude in the event of engine failure, the AOC holder must equip the aeroplane with —
(a)life rafts in accordance with paragraph (4); and
(b)equipment for making distress signals, as described in the Rules of the Air.
(3)  Before a small aeroplane with more than one engine is operated over water at a distance that is more than 120 minutes at cruise speed or 400 NM, whichever is lesser, from land suitable to make an emergency landing, the AOC holder must equip the aeroplane with life rafts in accordance with paragraph (4).
(4)  The lift rafts provided in accordance with paragraph (1)(a), (2)(a) or (3) —
(a)must be of sufficient numbers to carry all persons on board the aeroplane;
(b)must be stowed on the aeroplane so as to facilitate ready use in the event of an emergency; and
(c)must be equipped with —
(i)equipment in accordance with the Third Schedule; and
(ii)such life-saving equipment, including means of sustaining life, as is appropriate to the flight to be undertaken.
(5)  Before a small aeroplane that is a seaplane or an amphibian aeroplane is operated on water, the AOC holder must equip the aeroplane with —
(a)equipment for making sound signals, as specified in rule 33 of the Schedule to the Merchant Shipping (Prevention of Collisions at Sea) Regulations (Cap. 179, Rg 10);
(b)equipment necessary for mooring, anchoring or manoeuvring the aeroplane on water, appropriate to the size, mass and handling characteristics of the specific seaplane or amphibian aeroplane; and
(c)one sea anchor.
Flights over water — helicopters
108.—(1)  An AOC holder must ensure that every person on board a helicopter wears a life jacket, or an integrated survival suit that includes the functionality of the life jacket, during the following periods:
(a)if the helicopter is operating in Performance Class 1 or 2, when the helicopter —
(i)is flying over water in a hostile environment; or
(ii)is flying over water at a distance from land that is more than 10 minutes at normal cruise speed;
(b)if the helicopter is operating in Performance Class 3, when the helicopter is flying at a distance from land that is beyond auto‑rotational range or safe forced landing distance;
(c)at any other time the pilot-in-command of the helicopter so decides, based on the pilot‑in‑command’s determination of the risk to survival of the occupants in the event of ditching.
(2)  Before a helicopter is operated over water, the AOC holder must ensure that the helicopter —
(a)if required under this regulation to carry more than one life raft —
(i)has at least 50% of the life rafts deployable by remote control; and
(ii)has equipped any other required raft, with a mass of more than 40 kg and which is not deployable by remote control, with some means of mechanically assisted deployment; or
(b)if fitted with 2 life rafts, each life raft is able to carry every person on board the helicopter when the life raft is in the overload state.
(3)  Before a helicopter is operated over water in a hostile environment or over water at a distance from land that is more than 10 minutes at normal cruise speed, the AOC holder must equip the helicopter with —
(a)a permanent or rapidly deployable means of flotation so as to ensure a safe ditching of the helicopter;
(b)life rafts of sufficient numbers to carry every person on board, and which are suitably equipped to sustain life in the expected conditions;
(c)equipment for making the distress signals, as described in the Rules of the Air;
(d)a survival suit for each crew member; and
(e)any additional equipment decided by reference to a survival risk assessment completed by the AOC holder.
(4)  Where a helicopter is operated in the circumstances described in paragraph (3), the AOC holder must ensure that the survival suit mentioned in paragraph (3)(d) is worn by every crew member during the following periods:
(a)when the sea temperature is less than 10°C;
(b)when the estimated rescue time exceeds the calculated survival time.
(5)  In paragraph (2)(b), “overload state” means a design safety margin of 1.5 times the maximum capacity of the life raft.
Pressure-altitude reporting transponder
109.—(1)  An AOC holder must ensure that every small aeroplane is equipped with a pressure‑altitude reporting transponder —
(a)which operates in accordance with the provisions of Volume IV of Annex 10 to the Chicago Convention;
(b)which is capable of operating in Mode S;
(c)which has a data source that provides pressure‑altitude information with a resolution of 7.62 m (25 ft) or better; and
(d)which is provided with an airborne or on‑the‑ground status of the aeroplane when that aeroplane is equipped with an automatic means of detecting such status.
(2)  An AOC holder must ensure that every helicopter is equipped with a pressure‑altitude reporting transponder which operates in accordance with the provisions of Volume IV of Annex 10 to the Chicago Convention.
Passenger safety instructions
110.  An AOC holder must ensure that every relevant aircraft is equipped with a means of conveying the following information and instructions to passengers:
(a)when seat belts are to be fastened;
(b)when and how any oxygen equipment that is required to be carried is to be used;
(c)any restrictions on smoking;
(d)the location and use of life jackets, and lifecots if carried;
(e)the location of emergency equipment;
(f)the location and method of opening emergency exits.
Oxygen indicators
111.  An AOC holder must ensure that every relevant aircraft to be operated above flight level 100 —
(a)is equipped with a means of indicating to the flight crew —
(i)whether the passenger oxygen system is activated;
(ii)if the oxygen system is supplied by a gaseous system, the amount of breathing oxygen available in each source of supply; and
(iii)if the aircraft is a pressurised aircraft, by visual or aural warning, when the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 10,000 feet; and
(b)is equipped with a means of indicating to each user of an individual dispensing unit whether the oxygen is being delivered to the dispensing unit.
Non-pressurised aeroplanes
112.  An AOC holder must ensure that a small aeroplane with a non‑pressurised cabin is not operated above flight level 100 for any commercial air transport operation except under and in accordance with an approval granted by the Director‑General of Civil Aviation.
Oxygen equipment and supplies for pressurised aircraft
113.—(1)  Subject to paragraphs (3) and (4), an AOC holder must ensure that every relevant aircraft that is a pressurised aircraft, and that is to be operated at an altitude above flight level 100, carries on board a supply of oxygen sufficient for a duration of time that is the greater of —
(a)the duration of time that is calculated in accordance with the Operations Manual before the commencement of the flight, being the period or periods which it is reasonably anticipated that the aircraft will be flown in the circumstances of the intended flight at an altitude where a supply of oxygen is required, and in calculating that period or those periods of time, the following factors must be taken into account:
(i)the possibility of depressurisation when the aircraft is flying above flight level 100;
(ii)the possibility of failure of one or more of the aircraft engines;
(iii)the restrictions due to required minimum safe altitude;
(iv)the fuel requirements;
(v)the performance of the aircraft; or
(b)the duration of time that is calculated in accordance with the following Table 1 for the circumstances that the aircraft is to be operated in:
Table 1: Oxygen supply for a pressurised aircraft
Circumstances
Supply for
Duration
(1)When flying above flight level 100 but not exceeding flight level 250
(a)every flight crew member
30 minutes or whenever the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 10,000 ft, whichever is greater.
 
(b)every cabin crew member and 10% of passengers
(i)When the aircraft is capable of descending and continuing to its destination as specified in Capability 1, 30 minutes or whenever the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 10,000 ft, whichever is greater.
(ii)When the aircraft is not capable of descending and continuing to its destination as specified in Capability 1, whenever the cabin pressure altitude is greater than 10,000 ft but does not exceed 12,000 ft.
 
(c)every cabin crew member and all passengers
When the aircraft is not capable of descending and continuing to its destination as specified in Capability 1, and the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 12,000 ft, the period when the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 12,000 ft or 10 minutes whichever is greater.
(2)When flying above flight level 250
(a)every flight crew member
2 hours or whenever the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 10,000 ft, whichever is greater.
 
(b)every cabin crew member
Whenever the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 10,000 ft and a portable supply for 15 minutes.
 
(c)10% of passengers
Whenever the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 10,000 ft, but does not exceed 12,000 ft.
 
(d)30% of passengers
Whenever the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 12,000 ft, but does not exceed 15,000 ft.
 
(e)all passengers
If the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 15,000 ft, the period when the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 15,000 ft or 10 minutes, whichever is greater.
 
(f)2% of passengers or 2 passengers, whichever is greater, being supply of first‑aid oxygen which must be available for simultaneous first‑aid treatment of 2% or 2 passengers wherever the passengers are seated in the aircraft
Whenever after decompression, if cabin pressure exceeds 8,000 ft.
(2)  In Table 1, “Capability 1” means that, at the time a failure to maintain cabin pressure occurs, the aircraft is capable of —
(a)descending to flight level 130 within 4 minutes, in accordance with the emergency descent procedure specified in the relevant aircraft flight manual and without flying below the minimum altitudes for safe flight specified for the aircraft in the AOC holder’s Operations Manual or equivalent; and
(b)continuing at or below that flight level to its intended destination or any other place at which a safe landing can be made.
(3)  An AOC holder may, in lieu of complying with paragraph (1), comply with paragraph (4) if the relevant aircraft —
(a)has a Certificate of Airworthiness that was first issued (whether in Singapore or elsewhere) before 1 January 1989; and
(b)is provided with means for maintaining a pressure greater than 700 hPa throughout the flight in the flight crew compartment and in the compartments in which passengers are carried.
(4)  The supply of oxygen to be provided for the purposes of paragraph (3) is —
(a)in every case where a relevant aircraft is to be flown above flight level 350, a supply of oxygen in a portable container sufficient for the simultaneous first-aid treatment of 2 passengers; and
(b)in the event of failure to maintain a pressure greater than 700 hPa in accordance with paragraph (3)(b) in the circumstances described in columns 1 and 2 of the following Table 2, a supply of oxygen sufficient for continuous use by the persons specified in column 3 for the period specified in column 4 of the Table:
Table 2: Alternative oxygen supply
Column 1
Column 2
Column 3
Column 4
Aircraft to operate at altitudes
Capability of aircraft to descend (where relevant)
Persons for whom oxygen is to be provided
Period of supply of oxygen
Above flight level 100
 
Every crew member and any passenger for whom oxygen is provided as specified below
30 minutes or the period specified at Condition A, whichever is greater.
Above flight level 100 but not above flight level 300
Aircraft is either flying at or below flight level 150 or is capable of descending and continuing to destination as specified at Condition X
10% of passengers
30 minutes or the period specified at Condition A whichever is greater.
 
Aircraft is flying above flight level 150 and is not capable of descending and continuing to destination as specified at Condition X
All passengers
10 minutes or the period specified at Condition B, whichever is greater.
 
 
10% of passengers
30 minutes or the period specified at Condition C, whichever is greater.
Above flight level 300 but not above flight level 350
Aircraft is capable of descending and continuing to destination as specified at Condition Y
15% of passengers
30 minutes or the period specified at Condition A, whichever is greater.
 
Aircraft is not capable of descending and continuing to destination as specified at Condition Y
All passengers
10 minutes or the period specified at Condition B, whichever is greater.
 
 
15% of passengers
30 minutes or the period specified at Condition C, whichever is greater.
Above flight level 350
 
All passengers
10 minutes or the period specified at Condition B, whichever is greater.
 
 
15% of passengers
30 minutes or the period specified at Condition C, whichever is greater.
(5)  In Table 2 —
“Condition A” means the whole period during which the aircraft flies above flight level 100 after a failure to maintain a pressure greater than 700 hPa in the control department and in the compartments in which passengers are carried has occurred;
“Condition B” means the whole period during which the aircraft flies above flight level 150 after a failure to maintain a pressure greater than 700 hPa in the control department and in the compartments in which passengers are carried has occurred;
“Condition C” means the whole period during which the aircraft flies above flight level 100, but not above flight level 150, after a failure to maintain a pressure greater than 700 hPa in the control department and in the compartments in which passengers are carried has occurred;
“Condition X” means that, at the time when a failure to maintain a pressure greater than 700 hPa in the control department and in the compartments in which passengers are carried occurs, the aircraft is capable of —
(a)descending to flight level 150 within 6 minutes, in accordance with the emergency descent procedure specified in the relevant aircraft flight manual and without flying below the minimum altitudes for safe flight specified for the aircraft in the AOC holder’s Operations Manual or equivalent; and
(b)continuing at or below that flight level to its place of intended destination or any other place at which a safe landing can be made;
“Condition Y” means that, at the time when a failure to maintain a pressure greater than 700 hPa in the control department and in the compartments in which passengers are carried occurs, the aircraft is capable of —
(a)descending to flight level 150 within 4 minutes, in accordance with the emergency descent procedure specified in the relevant aircraft flight manual and without flying below the minimum altitudes for safe flight specified for the aircraft in the AOC holder’s Operations Manual or equivalent; and
(b)continuing at or below that flight level to its place of intended destination or any other place at which a safe landing can be made.
(6)  An AOC holder must ensure that a relevant aircraft that —
(a)is intended to be operated at flight altitudes above flight level 250; or
(b)is not capable of descending from an altitude of flight level 250 to flight level 130 within 4 minutes, in accordance with the emergency descent procedure specified in the relevant flight manual and without flying below the minimum altitudes for safe flight specified for the aircraft in the AOC holder’s Operations Manual or equivalent,
is equipped with suitable and sufficient apparatus to enable the persons for whom oxygen is supplied to use the oxygen, including automatically deployable oxygen equipment with a quantity of oxygen dispensing units that exceeds the number of passenger and cabin crew seats by at least 10%.
(7)  An AOC holder must ensure that, in every small aeroplane that is a pressurised aeroplane and that is to be operated at any altitude above flight level 250, each flight crew member at the flight duty station has ready access from the crew member’s normal seating position to a quick‑donning type of oxygen mask that will readily supply oxygen on demand.
Device to warn flight crew of loss of pressurisation
114.  An AOC holder must ensure that every small aeroplane that —
(a)is a pressurised aeroplane; and
(b)is to be operated at any altitude above 25,000 ft,
is equipped with a device to provide positive warning to the flight crew of any dangerous loss of pressurisation.
Flight recorders — Construction, installation and continued serviceability
115.—(1)  An AOC holder must ensure that every flight recorder required to be installed on a relevant aircraft in accordance with regulations 116, 117, 118 and 119 is constructed, located and installed so as to provide maximum practical protection for the recordings such that the recorded information may be preserved, recovered and transcribed.
(2)  An AOC holder must ensure that every flight recorder mentioned in paragraph (1) meets the requirements specified by the Director‑General of Civil Aviation in Aviation Specifications 2 — Flight Recorders for the respective type of flight recorder in respect of —
(a)specified crashworthiness and fire protection;
(b)performance;
(c)parameters or information to be recorded;
(d)duration of recording; and
(e)continued serviceability.
Flight recorders — flight data recorders and alternatives
116.—(1)  An AOC holder must ensure that every small aeroplane that corresponds to one of the following descriptions is equipped with a flight data recorder of the type specified for an aeroplane of that description:
(a)for a multi-engine turbine-powered aeroplane with an MCTOM not exceeding 5,700 kg, for which the Certificate of Airworthiness was first issued on or after 1 January 1990 but before 1 January 2016 — an FDR that records at least the first 16 parameters specified in Table 1-1 of the Aviation Specifications 2 — Flight Recorders issued by the Director-General of Civil Aviation;
(b)for a turbine-engined aeroplane with an MCTOM not exceeding 5,700 kg, for which the Certificate of Airworthiness was first issued on or after 1 January 2016 — one of the following flight data recorders:
(i)an FDR that records at least the first 16 parameters specified in Table 1-1 of the Aviation Specifications 2 — Flight Recorders;
(ii)a Class C airborne image recorder (AIR) or airborne image recording system (AIRS) that records at least the flight path and speed parameters displayed to the pilot, as defined in the Aviation Specifications 2 — Flight Recorders;
(iii)an aircraft data recording system (ADRS) that records at least the first 7 parameters specified in Table 1-3 of the Aviation Specifications 2 — Flight Recorders;
(c)for an aeroplane with an MCTOM exceeding 5,700 kg but not exceeding 27,000 kg, for which the Certificate of Airworthiness was first issued on or before 1 January 2005 — an FDR that records at least the first 16 parameters specified in Table 1-1 of the Aviation Specifications 2 — Flight Recorders;
(d)for an aeroplane with an MCTOM exceeding 5,700 kg, for which the Certificate of Airworthiness was first issued after 1 January 2005 and the application for type certification was submitted to a Contracting State before 1 January 2023 — an FDR that records at least the first 78 parameters specified in Table 1-1 of the Aviation Specifications 2 — Flight Recorders;
(e)for an aeroplane with an MCTOM exceeding 5,700 kg, for which the application for type certification was first submitted to a Contracting State on or after 1 January 2023 — an FDR that records at least the first 82 parameters specified in Table 1-1 of the Aviation Specifications 2 — Flight Recorders.
(2)  An AOC holder must ensure that every helicopter that corresponds to one of the following descriptions is equipped with a flight data recorder of the type specified for a helicopter of that description:
(a)for a helicopter with an MCTOM exceeding 3,175 kg but not exceeding 7,000 kg, for which the Certificate of Airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 1989 but before 1 January 2016 — an FDR that records at least the first 15 parameters specified in Table 2-1 of the Aviation Specifications 2 — Flight Recorders;
(b)for a helicopter with an MCTOM exceeding 7,000 kg, for which the Certificate of Airworthiness was first issued on or after 1 January 1989 but before 1 January 2016 — an FDR that records at least the first 30 parameters specified in Table 2-1 of the Aviation Specifications 2 — Flight Recorders;
(c)for a helicopter with an MAPSC exceeding 19, for which the Certificate of Airworthiness was first issued on or after 1 January 1989 — an FDR that records at least the first 30 parameters specified in Table 2-1 of the Aviation Specifications 2 — Flight Recorders;
(d)for a turbine-engined helicopter with an MCTOM exceeding 2,250 kg but not exceeding 3,175 kg, for which the application for type certification was first submitted to a Contracting State on or after 1 January 2018 — one of the following flight data recorders:
(i)an FDR that records at least the first 48 parameters specified in Table 2-1 of the Aviation Specifications 2 — Flight Recorders;
(ii)a Class C AIR or AIRS that records at least the flight path and speed parameters displayed to the pilot, as defined in the Aviation Specifications 2 — Flight Recorders;
(iii)an ADRS that records at least the first 7 parameters specified in Table 1-3 of the Aviation Specifications 2 — Flight Recorders;
(e)for a helicopter with an MCTOM exceeding 3,175 kg, for which the Certificate of Airworthiness was first issued on or after 1 January 2016 and the application for type certification was submitted before 1 January 2023 — an FDR that records at least the first 48 parameters specified in Table 2-1 of the Aviation Specifications 2 — Flight Recorders;
(f)for a helicopter with an MCTOM exceeding 3,175 kg, for which the application for type certification was first submitted to a Contracting State on or after 1 January 2023 — an FDR that records at least the first 53 parameters specified in Table 2-1 of the Aviation Specifications 2 — Flight Recorders.
(3)  Where a relevant aircraft is equipped with any FDR, ADRS, AIR or AIRS, the AOC holder must ensure that the FDR, ADRS, AIR or AIRS (as the case may be) does not use any of the following types of recording technology:
(a)engraving metal foil;
(b)frequency modulation;
(c)photographic film;
(d)magnetic tape.
[S 771/2018 wef 24/11/2018]
Flight recorders — cockpit voice recorder and cockpit audio recording system
117.—(1)  An AOC holder must ensure that every relevant aircraft that corresponds to one of the following descriptions is equipped with a cockpit voice recorder:
(a)an aeroplane with an MCTOM exceeding 5,700 kg;
(b)a turbine-engined aeroplane with an MCTOM not exceeding 5,700 kg for which the Certificate of Airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 2016, and which requires more than one pilot to operate;
(c)a helicopter with an MCTOM exceeding 3,175 kg for which the Certificate of Airworthiness was first issued on or after 1 January 1987;
(d)a helicopter with an MCTOM exceeding 7,000 kg.
[S 771/2018 wef 24/11/2018]
(2)  Despite paragraph (1), an AOC holder may equip an aeroplane of the type described in paragraph (1)(b) with a cockpit audio recording system instead of a cockpit voice recorder.
(3)  Where a helicopter described in paragraph (1)(c) or (d) is not equipped with a flight data recorder, the AOC holder must ensure that the cockpit voice recorder also records the main rotor speed of the helicopter.
(4)  Where a relevant aircraft is equipped with any cockpit voice recorder (CVR) or cockpit audio recording system (CARS), the AOC holder must ensure that the CVR or CARS (as the case may be) does not use any of the following types of recording technology:
(a)magnetic tape;
(b)wire.
[S 771/2018 wef 24/11/2018]
Flight recorders — data link recorders
118.—(1)  An AOC holder must ensure that every relevant aircraft that corresponds to one of the following descriptions records the data link communications messages on a crash-protected flight recorder (called in this regulation a data link recorder):
(a)any relevant aircraft for which a Certificate of Airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 2016, that utilises any of the data link communications applications specified by the Director‑General of Civil Aviation, and which is required to carry a cockpit voice recorder under regulation 117;
[S 940/2020 wef 05/11/2020]
(b)any relevant aircraft —
(i)for which the Certificate of Airworthiness is first issued before 1 January 2016;
(ii)which is modified on or after 1 January 2016 to install and utilise any of the data link communications applications specified by the Director-General of Civil Aviation;
(iii)which is required to carry a cockpit voice recorder under regulation 117; and
(iv)which is not modified on or after 1 January 2016 to install any data link communications equipment which complies with —
(A)the type design of the aircraft that is approved by the State of Design before 1 January 2016; or
(B)a modification to the aircraft that is approved by the State of Design or the State of Registry before 1 January 2016.
[S 940/2020 wef 05/11/2020]
[S 771/2018 wef 24/11/2018]
(2)  An AOC holder must ensure that the minimum recording duration of the data link communications required for an aircraft described in paragraph (1)(a) or (b) is equal to the minimum recording duration of the cockpit voice recorder.
(3)  An AOC holder must ensure that the recordings of the data link recorder can be correlated to the recorded cockpit audio.
Combination recorders
119.—(1)  Subject to paragraph (2), an AOC holder may, in lieu of complying with the requirements of regulations 116 and 117, equip every relevant aircraft that corresponds to one of the following descriptions with the flight recorder system specified for that aircraft:
(a)an aeroplane with an MCTOM exceeding 5,700 kg, that is required to be equipped with a flight data recorder and a cockpit voice recorder, may be equipped with 2 combination recorders (one forward and one aft);
(b)a multi-engine turbine-powered aeroplane with an MCTOM not exceeding 5,700 kg, that is required to be equipped with a flight data recorder or a cockpit voice recorder, or both, may be equipped with one combination recorder;
(c)a helicopter that is required to be equipped with any flight recorder may be equipped with a combination recorder.
(2)  An AOC holder may, in lieu of complying with the requirements of regulations 116 and 117, equip an aeroplane with an MCTOM exceeding 15,000 kg with 2 combination recorders if —
(a)the application for type certification of the aeroplane is submitted to a Contracting State on or after 1 January 2016; and
(b)the aeroplane is required to be equipped with both a flight data recorder and a cockpit voice recorder under these Regulations.
(3)  The combination recorders provided in accordance with paragraph (2) must be located at different parts of the aeroplane, with one located as close to the cockpit as practicable and the other located as far away as practicable.
(4)  In this regulation, “combination recorder” means a flight recorder with the functions of both a cockpit voice recorder and a flight data recorder.
Ground proximity warning system
120.—(1)  An AOC holder must ensure that every relevant aircraft that corresponds to one of the following descriptions is equipped with a ground proximity warning system which has a forward looking terrain avoidance function:
(a)a turbine-powered aeroplane with an MCTOM exceeding 5,700 kg, or with an MAPSC exceeding 9;
(b)a turbine-powered aeroplane with an MCTOM not exceeding 5,700 kg and an MAPSC exceeding 5 but not exceeding 9;
(c)a piston-engined aeroplane with an MCTOM exceeding 5,700 kg, or with an MAPSC exceeding 9;
(d)a helicopter with an MCTOM exceeding 3,175 kg, or with an MAPSC exceeding 9, and which is to be operated in accordance with the Instrument Flight Rules.
(2)  The ground proximity warning system required to be installed in an aeroplane described in paragraph (1)(a) —
(a)must provide an automatic and distinctive warning to the flight crew when the aeroplane is in potentially hazardous proximity to the earth’s surface; and
(b)must provide warnings for all of the following circumstances:
(i)excessive descent rate;
(ii)excessive terrain closure rate;
(iii)excessive altitude loss after take‑off or go‑around;
(iv)unsafe terrain clearance while not in the landing configuration:
(A)gear not locked down;
(B)flaps not in a landing position;
(v)excessive descent below the instrument glide path.
(3)  The ground proximity warning system required to be installed in an aeroplane described in paragraph (1)(b) or (c) —
(a)must provide an automatic and distinctive warning to the flight crew when the aeroplane is in potentially hazardous proximity to the earth’s surface; and
(b)must provide warnings for all of the following circumstances:
(i)excessive descent rate;
(ii)excessive altitude loss after take‑off or go‑around;
(iii)unsafe terrain clearance.
Runway overrun awareness and alerting system
120A.—(1)  An AOC holder must ensure that every turbine engine aeroplane with an MCTOM exceeding 5,700 kg is equipped with a runway overrun awareness and alerting system (ROAAS).
(2)  This regulation does not apply to a turbine engine aeroplane for which a Certificate of Airworthiness is first issued before 1 January 2026.
[S 825/2022 wef 03/11/2022]
Significant weather detection
121.  An AOC holder must ensure that every relevant aircraft that is used to carry passengers and is not a non‑pressurised aeroplane is equipped with an operative weather radar or other equipment capable of detecting thunderstorms or other potentially hazardous weather conditions whenever the aircraft is to be or is being operated —
(a)in areas where such conditions may be expected to exist along the route in instrument meteorological conditions; or
(b)at night.
Forward-looking wind shear warning system
122.—(1)  An AOC holder must ensure every small aeroplane that —
(a)is turbine-powered; and
(b)has an MCTOM exceeding 5,700 kg or an MAPSC exceeding 9,
is equipped with a forward-looking wind shear warning system.
(2)  The forward-looking wind shear warning system provided in accordance with paragraph (1) —
(a)must be capable of providing the pilot with a timely aural and visual warning of wind shear ahead of the aircraft, and the information required for the pilot —
(i)to safely commence and continue a missed approach or go‑around; or
(ii)to safely execute an escape manoeuvre if necessary; and
(b)must provide an indication to the pilot when the limits specified for the certification of automatic landing equipment are being approached, when such equipment is in use.
Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS II)
123.—(1)  An AOC holder must ensure that every small aeroplane that —
(a)is turbine-powered; and
(b)has an MCTOM exceeding 5,700 kg,
is equipped with ACAS II.
(2)  The ACAS II provided in accordance with paragraph (1) must operate in accordance with the relevant provisions of Volume IV of Annex 10 to the Chicago Convention.
Automatic Dependent Surveillance — Broadcast (out) (ADS‑B (out))
124.—(1)  An AOC holder must ensure that every small aeroplane with an MCTOM exceeding 5,700 kg is equipped with ADS‑B (out) capability.
(2)  In this regulation, “ADS-B (out) capability” means the function by which an aeroplane is capable of automatically transmitting data (such as aircraft identification, aircraft position and other information, as appropriate) in a broadcast mode via a data link.
Cosmic radiation detection equipment
125.—(1)  An AOC holder must ensure that every small aeroplane that is to be flown at an altitude above 49,000 ft carries equipment to measure and continuously indicate the dose rate of total cosmic radiation being received and the cumulative dose for every such flight.
(2)  The display unit of the equipment provided for the purposes of paragraph (1) must be readily visible to a flight crew member.