PART V MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION |
Division 1 — Office and name |
Registered office of company |
142.—(1) A company shall as from the date of its incorporation have a registered office within Singapore to which all communications and notices may be addressed and which shall be open and accessible to the public for not less than 3 hours during ordinary business hours on each business day. [15/84] (2) If default is made in complying with subsection (1), the company and every officer of the company who is in default shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 and also to a default penalty. [15/84; 13/87] [UK, 1948, s. 107; Aust., 1961, s. 111] |
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143.—(1) Notice in the prescribed form of the situation of the registered office, the days and hours during which it is open and accessible to the public, shall, in the case of a proposed company, be lodged with the Registrar together with its memorandum and its articles, if any, at the time of lodgment for the incorporation of the proposed company and in the case of any subsequent change of the particulars therein be so lodged within 14 days of any such change, but no notice of the days and hours during which the office is open and accessible to the public shall be required if the office is open for at least 5 hours during ordinary business hours on each business day. [15/84; 40/89] (1A) In subsection (1), the word “particulars”, in relation to the situation of the registered office, shall be deemed to include the address and designation of the situation or address of the registered office. [40/89] |
(2) If default is made in complying with this section, the company and every officer of the company who is in default shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 and also to a default penalty. [15/84; 13/87] [UK, 1948, s. 107; Aust., 1961, s. 112] |
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Publication of name and registration number |
144.—(1) The name of a company shall appear in legible romanised letters on —(a) | its seal; and | (b) | all business letters, statements of account, invoices, official notices, publications, bills of exchange, promissory notes, indorsements, cheques, orders, receipts and letters of credit of or purporting to be issued or signed by or on behalf of the company. [5/2004] |
(1A) The registration number of a company shall appear in a legible form on all business letters, statements of account, invoices, official notices and publications of or purporting to be issued or signed by or on behalf of the company. [5/2004] |
(1B) A company shall be guilty of an offence if default is made in complying with subsection (1) or (1A). [5/2004] |
(2) If an officer of a company or any person on its behalf —(a) | uses or authorises the use of any seal purporting to be a seal of the company whereon its name does not so appear; | (b) | issues or authorises the issue of any business letter, statement of account, invoice or official notice or publication of the company wherein its name is not so mentioned; or | (c) | signs, issues or authorises to be signed or issued on behalf of the company any bill of exchange, promissory note, cheque or other negotiable instrument or any indorsement, order, receipt or letter of credit wherein its name is not so mentioned, |
he shall be guilty of an offence, and where he has signed, issued or authorised to be signed or issued on behalf of the company any bill of exchange, promissory note or other negotiable instrument or any indorsement thereon or order wherein that name is not so mentioned, he shall in addition be liable to the holder of the instrument or order for the amount due thereon unless it is paid by the company. |
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Name to be displayed on all offices |
(3) (Deleted by Act 5 of 2004) [UK, 1948, s. 108; Aust., 1961, s. 113] |
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Division 2 — Directors and officers |
145.—(1) Every company shall have at least one director who is ordinarily resident in Singapore and, where the company only has one member, that sole director may also be the sole member of the company. [5/2004] (2) No person other than a natural person of full age and capacity shall be a director of a company. |
(4) Any provision in the memorandum or articles of a company which was in force immediately before 29th December 1967 and which operated to constitute a corporation as a director of the company shall be read and construed as if it authorised that corporation to appoint a natural person to be a director of that company. [S 258/67] |
(5) Notwithstanding anything in this Act or in the memorandum or articles of the company, or in any agreement with the company, a director of a company shall not resign or vacate his office unless there is remaining in the company at least one director who is ordinarily resident in Singapore; and any purported resignation or vacation of office in breach of this subsection shall be deemed to be invalid. [5/2004] |
(6) Subsection (5) shall not apply where a director of a company is required to resign or vacate his office if he has not within the period referred to in section 147(1) obtained his qualification or by virtue of his disqualification under section 148, 149, 149A, 154 or 155 of this Act, or sections 65,66 and 67 of the Banking Act (Cap. 19) or sections 47 and 49 of the Finance Companies Act (Cap. 108), section 57 of the Financial Advisers Act (Cap. 110), section 31, 35ZJ or 41(1)(b) of the Insurance Act (Cap. 142), section 22 of the Payment Systems (Oversight) Act 2006 (Act 1 of 2006) or section 44, 81A, 81ZJ or 97 of the Securities and Futures Act (Cap. 289). [1/2007 wef 31/03/2007] [16/2011 wef 01/05/2011] [15/84; 42/2001; 12/2002; 1/2006; S227/95] |
(7) If there is a contravention of subsection (1), the Registrar may, either of his own motion or on the application of any person, direct the members of the company to appoint a director who is ordinarily resident in Singapore if he considers it to be in the interests of the company for such appointment to be made. [5/2004] |
(8) If the direction under subsection (7) is not complied with, each member in default shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000 and, in the case of a continuing offence, to a further fine not exceeding $1,000 for every day or part thereof during which the offence continues after conviction. [5/2004] |
(9) If there is a contravention of subsection (1) and —(a) | the Registrar fails to give the direction under subsection (7); or | (b) | such direction has been given but is not complied with, |
the court may, on the application of the Registrar or any person, order the members of the company to make the appointment if it considers it to be in the interests of the company for such appointment to be made. |
[5/2004] |
(10) If a company carries on business without having at least one director who is ordinarily resident in Singapore for more than 6 months, a person who, for the whole or any part of the period that it so carries on business after those 6 months —(a) | is a member of the company; and | (b) | knows that it is carrying on business in that manner, |
shall be liable for the payment of all the debts of the company contracted during the period or, as the case may be, that part of it, and may be sued therefor. |
[5/2004] [UK, 1948, s. 176; Aust., 1961, s. 114] |
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Restrictions on appointment or advertisement of director |
146.—(1) A person shall not be named as a director or proposed director in —(a) | any document filed or lodged with or submitted to the Registrar for the purposes of the incorporation of a company; or | (b) | the register of directors, managers and secretaries of a company, |
(i) | the incorporation of the company; or | (ii) | the filing of any return in the prescribed form containing the particulars required to be specified in the register of directors, managers and secretaries, |
as the case may be, the person has complied with the conditions set out in subsection (1A). |
[12/2002] (1A) The conditions to be complied with by a person referred to in subsection (1) are the following:(a) | he has, by himself or through a prescribed person authorised by him, filed with the Registrar —(i) | a declaration that he has consented to act as a director; and | (ii) | a statement in the prescribed form that he is not disqualified from acting as a director under this Act; and |
| (b) | he has, by himself or through a prescribed person authorised by him —(i) | filed with the Registrar a declaration that he has agreed to take a number of shares of the company that is not less than his qualification, if any; | (ii) | filed with the Registrar an undertaking that he will take from the company and pay for his qualification shares, if any; | (iii) | filed with the Registrar a declaration that a specified number of shares, not less than his qualification, if any, has been registered in his name; or | (iv) | in the case of a company formed or intended to be formed by way of reconstruction of another corporation or group of corporations or to acquire the shares in another corporation or group of corporations, filed with the Registrar a declaration that —(A) | he was a shareholder in that other corporation or in one or more of the corporations of that group; and | (B) | as a shareholder he will be entitled to receive and have registered in his name a number of shares not less than his qualification, by virtue of the terms of an agreement relating to the reconstruction. [12/2002; 8/2003] |
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(2) Where a person has undertaken to the Registrar under subsection (1A)(b)(ii) to take and pay for his qualification shares, he shall, as regards those shares, be in the same position as if he had signed the memorandum for that number of shares. [12/2002] |
(3) Subsections (1) and (2) (other than the provisions relating to the signing of a consent to act as director) shall not apply to —(a) | a company not having a share capital; | (b) | a private company; or | (c) | a prospectus or a statement in lieu of prospectus issued or lodged with the Registrar by or on behalf of a company or to articles adopted by a company after the expiration of one year from the date on which the company was entitled to commence business. |
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(4) If default is made in complying with this section, the company and every officer of the company who is in default shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 and also to a default penalty. [15/84] |
(5) The restrictions in this section on a director or proposed director of a company incorporated under this Act in relation to a prospectus shall apply in the same manner and extent to a director or proposed director of a foreign company as if the references in subsections (1) and (4) to a company included references to a foreign company. [22/93] [UK, 1948, s. 181; Aust., 1961, s. 115] |
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Qualification of director |
147.—(1) Without affecting the operation of sections 145 and 146, every director, who is by the articles required to hold a specified share qualification and who is not already qualified, shall obtain his qualification within 2 months after his appointment or such shorter period as is fixed by the articles.(2) Unless otherwise provided by the articles, the qualification of any director of a company must be held by him solely and not as one of several joint holders. |
(3) A director shall vacate his office if he has not within the period referred to in subsection (1) obtained his qualification or if after so obtaining it he ceases at any time to hold his qualification. |
(4) Any person who fails to comply with subsection (3) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $4,000 and also to a default penalty. [15/84] |
(5) A person vacating office under this section shall be incapable of being reappointed as director until he has obtained his qualification. [UK, 1948, s. 182; Aust., 1961, s. 116] |
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Restriction on undischarged bankrupt being director or manager |
148.—(1) Every person who, being an undischarged bankrupt (whether he was adjudged bankrupt by a Singapore Court or a foreign court having jurisdiction in bankruptcy), acts as director of, or directly or indirectly takes part in or is concerned in the management of, any corporation, except with the leave of the Court or the written permission of the Official Assignee, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both. [37/99] (2) On an application by an undischarged bankrupt under subsection (1) to the Court or the Official Assignee, as the case may be, the Court or the Official Assignee may refuse the application or approve the application subject to such condition as the Court or the Official Assignee, as the case may be, may impose. [37/99] |
(3) The Court shall not give leave under this section unless notice of intention to apply therefor has been served on the Minister and on the Official Assignee and the Minister and the Official Assignee or either of them may be represented at the hearing of and may oppose the granting of the application. [37/99] |
(4) Any person who has been granted leave by the Court or written permission by the Official Assignee under subsection (1) shall, within one month after the issue of the Court order or written permission, lodge a copy of the order or written permission with the Registrar. [8/2003] |
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Disqualification of unfit directors of insolvent companies |
149.—(1) The Court may —(a) | on the application of the Minister or the Official Receiver as provided for in subsection (9)(a); and | (b) | on being satisfied as to the matters referred to in subsection (2), |
make an order disqualifying a person specified in the order from being a director or in any way, whether directly or indirectly, being concerned in, or take part in, the management of a company during such period not exceeding 5 years after the date of the order as is specified in the order (referred to in this section as a disqualification order). |
[13/87] (2) The Court shall make a disqualification order under subsection (1) if it is satisfied that —(a) | the person against whom the order is sought has been given not less than 14 days’ notice of the application; and | (b) | the person —(i) | is or has been a director of a company which has at any time gone into liquidation (whether while he was a director or within 3 years of his ceasing to be a director) and was insolvent at that time; and | (ii) | that his conduct as director of that company either taken alone or taken together with his conduct as a director of any other company or companies makes him unfit to be a director of or in any way, whether directly or indirectly, be concerned in, or take part in, the management of a company. |
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(3) If in the case of a person who is or has been a director of a company which is —(a) | being wound up by the Court, it appears to the Official Receiver or to the liquidator (if he is not the Official Receiver); or | (b) | being wound up otherwise than as mentioned in paragraph (a), it appears to the liquidator, |
that the conditions mentioned in subsection (2)(b) are satisfied as respects that person, the Official Receiver or the liquidator, as the case may be, shall immediately report the matter to the Minister. |
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(4) The Minister may require the Official Receiver or the liquidator or the former liquidator of a company —(a) | to furnish him with such information with respect to any person’s conduct as a director of the company; and | (b) | to produce and permit inspection of such books, papers and other records relevant to that person’s conduct as such a director, |
as the Minister may reasonably require for the purpose of determining whether to exercise, or of exercising, any of his functions under this section; and if default is made in complying with that requirement the Court may, on the application of the Minister, make an order requiring that person to make good the default within such time as is specified in the order. |
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(5) For the purposes of this section —(a) | a company has gone into liquidation —(i) | if it is wound up by the Court, on the date of the filing of the winding up application; | (ii) | where a provisional liquidator was appointed under section 291(1), at the time when the declaration made under that subsection was lodged with the Registrar; and | (iii) | in any other case, on the date of the passing of the resolution for the voluntary winding up; and |
| (b) | a company was insolvent at the time it has gone into liquidation if it was unable to pay its debts, within the meaning of that expression in section 254(2), |
and references in this section to a person’s conduct as a director of any company or companies include, where any of those companies have become insolvent, references to that person’s conduct in relation to any matter connected with or arising out of the insolvency of that company. |
[42/2005] |
(6) In deciding whether a person’s conduct as a director of any particular company or companies make him unfit to be concerned in, or take part in, the management of a company as is mentioned in subsection (2)(b), the Court shall in relation to his conduct as a director of that company or, as the case may be, each of those companies have regard, generally to the matters referred to in paragraph (a), and, in particular, to the matters referred to in paragraph (b), notwithstanding that the director has not been convicted or may be criminally liable in respect of any of these matters —(a) | (i) | as to whether there has been any misfeasance or breach of any fiduciary or other duty by the director in relation to the company; | (ii) | as to whether there has been any misapplication or retention by the director of, or any conduct by the director giving rise to an obligation to account for, any money or other property of the company; | (iii) | as to the extent of the director’s responsibility for any failure by the company to comply with sections 138, 190, 191, 197, 199 and 201; and |
| (b) | (i) | as to the extent of the director’s responsibility for the causes of the company becoming insolvent; | (ii) | as to the extent of the director’s responsibility for any failure by the company to supply any goods or services which have been paid for (in whole or in part); | (iii) | as to the extent of the director’s responsibility for the company entering into any transaction liable to be set aside under section 259; | (iv) | as to whether the causes of the company becoming insolvent are attributable to its carrying on business in a particular industry where the risk of insolvency is generally recognised to be higher. |
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(7) The Minister may, by notification in the Gazette, add to, vary or amend the matters referred to in subsection (6) and that notification may contain such transitional provisions as may appear to the Minister to be necessary or expedient. |
(8) In this section, “company” includes a corporation and a foreign company but does not include a partnership or association to which Division 5 of Part X applies. [8/2003] |
(9) (a) In the case of a person who is or has been a director of a company which has gone into liquidation and is being wound up by the Court, an application under this section shall be made by the Official Receiver but in any other case an application shall be made by the Minister. | (b) | On a hearing of an application under this section —(i) | the Minister or the Official Receiver, as the case may be, shall appear and call the attention of the Court to any matter which appears to him to be relevant (and for this purpose the Minister may be represented) and may give evidence or call witnesses; and | (ii) | the person against whom an order is sought may appear and himself give evidence or call witnesses. |
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(10) This section shall not apply unless the company mentioned in subsection (2)(b) has gone into insolvent liquidation on or after 15th August 1984 and the conduct to which the Court shall have regard shall not include conduct as a director of a company that has gone into liquidation before that date. |
(11) A person who acts as judicial manager, receiver or receiver manager shall not be liable to have a disqualification order made against him in respect of acts done in his capacity as judicial manager, receiver or receiver manager, as the case may be. [40/89] |
(12) Any person who acts in contravention of a disqualification order made under this section shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or to both. |
(13) Nothing in this section shall prevent a person who is disqualified pursuant to an order made under subsection (1) from applying for leave of the Court to be concerned in or take part in the management of a company. [40/89] |
(14) On the hearing of an application made under subsection (13) or (15), the Minister or the Official Receiver shall appear (and for this purpose the Minister may be represented) and call attention of the Court to any matter which appears to him to be relevant to the application and may himself give evidence or call witnesses. [40/89] |
(15) Any right to apply for leave of the Court to be concerned or take part in the management of a company that was subsisting immediately before 23rd March 1990 shall, after that date, be treated as subsisting by virtue of the corresponding provision made under this section. [40/89] |
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