No. S 166
Air Navigation Act
Chapter 6
Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2002
In exercise of the powers conferred by section 3 of the Air Navigation Act, the Minister for Transport hereby makes the following Order:
Citation and commencement
1.  This Order may be cited as the Air Navigation (Amendment) Order 2002 and shall come into operation on 15th April 2002.
Amendment of paragraph 2
2.  Paragraph 2 of theAir Navigation Order (O 2) (referred to in this Order as the principal Order) is amended —
(a)by deleting the definition of “maintenance” in sub-paragraph (1) and substituting the following definitions:
“ “maintenance” means the performance of tasks required to ensure the continued airworthiness of an aircraft, and includes the overhaul, inspection, replacement, defect rectification and the embodiment of a modification or repair;
“maintenance schedule” means a document which describes the specific scheduled maintenance tasks and their frequency of completion necessary for the safe operation of those aircraft to which it applies;”;
(b)by inserting, immediately after the definition of “public transport of passengers” in sub-paragraph (1), the following definition:
“ “repair” means the restoration of an aeronautical product to an airworthy condition to ensure that the aircraft continues to comply with design aspects of the appropriate airworthiness requirements used for the issuance of the type certificate of the respective aircraft type, after it has been damaged or subject to wear;”; and
(c)by deleting sub-paragraph (2) and substituting the following sub-paragraph:
“(2)  An aircraft shall be deemed to be in flight —
(a)in the case of an aeroplane, a pilotless flying machine or glider, from the moment it first moves for the purpose of taking off until the moment when it finally comes to rest after landing;
(b)in the case of a helicopter or gyroplane, from the moment the rotor blades start turning until the moment when it finally comes to rest after landing and the rotor blades are stopped;
(c)in the case of an airship or free balloon, from the moment when it first becomes detached from the surface until the moment when it next becomes attached thereto or comes to rest thereon,
and the expressions “a flight”, “to fly” and “flight time” shall be construed accordingly.”.
Amendment of paragraph 20
3.  Paragraph 20(1) of the principal Order is amended —
(a)by inserting, at the end of sub-paragraph (m), the word “and”;
(b)by deleting the word “general” in sub-paragraph (n);
(c)by deleting the semi-colon at the end of sub-paragraph (n) and substituting a comma; and
(d)by deleting sub-paragraphs (o), (p) and (q).
Amendment of paragraph 22
4.  Paragraph 22 of the principal Order is amended by deleting sub-paragraph (3).
Amendment of paragraph 37
5.  Paragraph 37 of the principal Order is amended by deleting sub-paragraph (3) and substituting the following sub-paragraph:
“(3)  On any flight on which a flight data recorder or a cockpit voice recorder is required by this Order to be carried, the flight data recorder and the cockpit voice recorder shall not be switched off during flight time.”.
Amendment of paragraph 44
6.  Paragraph 44(5) of the principal Order is amended by deleting “2.5cm” in sub-paragrapha (b) and (d) and substituting in each case “3 cm”.
Amendment of paragraph 52
7.  Paragraph 52 of the principal Order is amended by deleting sub-paragraph (4).
Deletion and substitution of Fourth Schedule
8.  The Fourth Schedule to the principal Order is deleted and the following Schedule substituted therefor:
“FOURTH SCHEDULE
(Paragraph 11(2))
Maintenance Engineers: Privileges Of Licences
An aircraft maintenance engineer may, subject to the conditions of his licence, issue certificates of maintenance review in accordance with the maintenance schedules approved under this Order and other certificates as follows:
(1)  Aircraft Maintenance Engineers — Category A (Aircraft).
In relation to aircraft (not including engines) —
(a)certificates of release to service in respect of inspections, repairs, replacements and modifications so approved; and
(b)certificates of fitness of aircraft for flight under the “A Conditions” set out in the Second Schedule.
(2)  Aircraft Maintenance Engineers — Category C (Engines).
In relation to engines —
(a)certificates of release to service in respect of inspections, repairs, replacements and modifications so approved; and
(b)certificates of fitness of aircraft engines for flight under the “A Conditions” set out in the Second Schedule.
(3)  Aircraft Maintenance Engineers — Category E (Electrical Installations).
In relation to electrical installations — certificates of release to service in respect of inspections, repairs, replacements and modifications so approved.
(4)  Aircraft Maintenance Engineers — Category I (Instrument Installations).
In relation to instrument installations — certificates of release to service in respect of inspections, repairs, replacements and modifications so approved.
(5)  Aircraft Maintenance Engineers — Category R (Radio Systems).
In relation to aircraft radio stations — certificates of release to service in respect of inspections, repairs, replacements and modifications so approved.”.
Amendment of Fifth Schedule
9.  The Fifth Schedule to the principal Order is amended by inserting, immediately after the word “propulsion” in sub-paragraph (i)(d) (page 96) of Scale J in paragraph 5, the words “for liferafts with a capacity of 6 or less”.
Amendment of Eighth Schedule
10.  Part A of the Eighth Schedule to the principal Order is amended —
(a)by deleting the word “restricted” in paragraph (c) (page 119) under the sub-heading of Privileges of the Private Pilot’s Licence (Aeroplanes) in item 2 (Aeroplane Pilots);
(b)by deleting the word “restricted” in paragraph (d) (page 121) under the sub-heading of Privileges of the Private Pilot’s Licence (Helicopters and Gyroplanes) in item 3 (Helicopter and Gyroplane Pilots);
(c)by deleting the word “restricted” in paragraph (b) (page 123) under the sub-heading of Privileges of the Private Pilot’s Licence (Balloons and Airships) in item 4 (Balloon and Airship Pilots);
(d)by deleting the word “restricted” in paragraph (b) (page 124) under the sub-heading of Privileges of the Commercial Pilot’s Licence (Gliders) in item 5 (Glider Pilots); and
(e)by deleting item 6 (pages 124 and 125) and substituting the following item:
“6. Other Flight Crew
Flight Navigator’s Licence.
Minimum age — 21 years.
Maximum period of validity — 12 months.
Privileges: The holder of the licence shall be entitled to act as a flight navigator in any aircraft.
Flight Engineer’s Licence.
Minimum age — 21 years.
Maximum period of validity — 12 months.
Privileges: The holder of the licence shall be entitled to act as flight engineer in any type of aircraft specified in the aircraft rating included in the licence.
Flight Radiotelephony Operator's Licence.
Minimum age — 18 years.
Maximum period of validity — 24 months.
Privileges: The holder of the licence shall be entitled to operate radiotelephony apparatus in any aircraft.”.
Amendment of Ninth Schedule
11.  Part D of the Ninth Schedule to the principal Order is amended —
(a)by deleting the words “decision height of the relevant minimum for landing” in the definition of “approach to landing” in paragraph (1) (page 134) and substituting the word “aerodrome”; and
(b)by deleting paragraph (6) (page 136) and substituting the following paragraph:
“(6)  With reference to paragraph 29(3) of the Order, an aircraft shall not —
(a)commence an approach to landing at any aerodrome if the relevant visual minimas at that aerodrome is at the time less than the relevant minimum for landing, provided that if an approach for landing has already commenced, the approach may be continued to the applicable decision height; or
(b)continue an approach to landing at an aerodrome by flying beyond a point at which the limits of the aerodrome operating minima specified for that aerodrome will be infringed.”.
Amendment of Twelfth Schedule
12.  The Twelfth Schedule to the principal Order is amended —
(a)by deleting the words “, a Flight Radiotelegraphy Operator’s Licence, or a Flight Radiotelegraphy Operator’s Temporary Licence” in paragraph 12(1)(d); and
(b)by deleting the words “, whether the licence is general or restricted” in paragraph 12(1)(f).
Amendment of Fourteenth Schedule
13.  The Fourteenth Schedule to the principal Order is amended —
(a)by inserting, immediately after the word “medicine” in sub-paragraph (a) of the definition of “designated medical examiner” in paragraph 3(3), the words “in Singapore”;
(b)by inserting, immediately after the word “medicine” in sub-paragraph (a) of the definition of “evaluating medical examiner” in paragraph 3(3), the words “in Singapore”;
(c)by deleting the heading “Visual Requirements” immediately above paragraph 36 and paragraphs 36 to 43 and substituting the following headings and paragraphs:
“Visual Acuity Test Requirements
36.  For the purposes of paragraphs 37 to 41 —
(a)each eye of the applicant will be tested separately; and
(b)the methods of testing visual acuity shall be as follows:
(i)visual acuity tests should be conducted in an environment with a level of illumination which corresponds to ordinary office illumination (30-60 cd/m2);
(ii)visual acuity should be measured by means of a series of Landolt rings, or similar optotypes, placed at a distance from the applicant, as appropriate to the method of testing adopted.
37.  The function of the applicant’s eyes and their adnexae shall be normal. There shall not be any active pathological condition, acute or chronic, nor any sequelae of surgery or trauma of the eyes or their adnexae likely to reduce proper visual function to an extent that would interfere with the safe exercise of the applicant’s licence and rating privileges.
38.—(1)  The applicant must have normal fields of vision.
(2)  The applicant must have normal binocular vision.
Note: Defective stereopsis, abnormal convergence not interfering with near vision, and oscular misalignment where the fusional reserves are sufficient to prevent asthenopia and diplopia may not be disqualifying.
39.—(1)  Distant visual acuity with or without correction shall be 6/9 or better in each eye separately and binocular visual acuity shall be 6/6 or better. No limits apply to uncorrected visual acuity. Where this standard of visual acuity can be obtained only with correcting lenses, the applicant may be assessed as fit provided that —
(a)such correcting lenses are worn during the exercise of the privileges of the licence or rating applied for or held; and
(b)in addition, a pair of suitable correcting spectacles is kept readily available during the exercise of the privileges of the applicant’s licence.
(2)  An applicant accepted as meeting the requirements in this paragraph is deemed to continue to do so unless there is reason to suspect otherwise, in which case an ophthalmic report will be required at the discretion of the evaluating medical examiner who shall require that the applicant’s visual acuity be measured and recorded at each re-examination.
(3)  Conditions which indicate a need to obtain an ophthalmic report include a substantial decrease in the uncorrected visual acuity, any decrease in best corrected visual acuity and the occurrence of eye disease, eye injury or eye surgery.
(4)  An applicant may use contact lenses to meet the requirement in this paragraph provided that —
(a)the lenses are monofocal and non-tinted;
(b)the lenses are well tolerated; and
(c)a pair of suitable correcting spectacles is kept readily available during the exercise of the licence privileges.
Note: An applicant who uses contact lenses may not need to have his uncorrected visual acuity measured at each re-examination provided the history of their contact lenses prescription is known.
(5)  An applicant with a large refractive error shall use contact lenses or high index spectacle lenses.
Note: If spectacles are used, high index lenses are needed to minimize peripheral field distortion.
(6)  An applicant whose uncorrected distance visual acuity in either eye is worse than 6/60 shall be required to provide a full ophthalmic report prior to initial Medical Assessment and every 5 years thereafter.
Note: The purpose of the required ophthalmic examination is to ascertain normal visual performance and to identify any significant pathology.
(7)  An applicant who has undergone surgery affecting the refractive status of the eye shall be assessed as unfit unless he is free from those sequelae which are likely to interfere with the safe exercise of their licence and rating privileges.
40.—(1)  The applicant shall have the ability to read, while wearing the correcting lenses, if any, required by paragraph 39(1) of this Schedule, the N5 chart or its equivalent at a distance selected by that applicant in the range of 30 to 50 centimetres and the ability to read N14 chart or its equivalent at a distance of 100 centimetres.
(2)  If the requirement in sub-paragraph (1) is met only by the use of near correction, the applicant may be assessed as fit provided that this near correction is added to the spectacle correction already prescribed in accordance with paragraph 39(1) of this Schedule;
(3)  If no such correction is prescribed, a pair of spectacles for near use shall be kept available during the exercise of the privileges of the licence. When near correction is required, the applicant shall demonstrate that one pair of spectacles is sufficient to meet both distant and near visual requirements.
(4)  Whenever there is a requirement to obtain or renew correcting lenses, an applicant is expected to advise the refractionist of reading distances for the visual flight deck tasks relevant to the types of aircraft in which he is likely to function.
Note: An applicant who needs near correction to meet the requirement in sub-paragraph (1) will require “lookover”, bifocal or perhaps multifocal lenses in order to read the instruments and a chart or manual held in the hand, and also to make use of distant vision through the windscreen without removing his lenses. Single-vision near correction (full lenses of one power only, appropriate for reading) significantly reduces distant visual acuity and is therefore not acceptable.
41.  When near correction is required in accordance with this paragraph, a second pair of near correction spectacles shall be kept available for immediate use.
Colour Perception Requirements
42.  The applicant shall be required to demonstrate the ability to perceive readily those colours the perception of which is necessary for the safe performance of duties.
43.—(1)  The applicant shall be tested for the ability to correctly identify a series of pseudoisochromatic plates in daylight or in artificial light of the same colour temperature such as that provided by CIE standard illuminants C or D65 as specified by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE).
(2)  An applicant obtaining a satisfactory result as prescribed by the evaluating medical examiner shall be assessed as fit. An applicant failing to obtain a satisfactory result in such a test shall be assessed as unfit unless able to readily distinguish the colours used in air navigation and correctly identify aviation coloured lights.
(3)  An applicant who fails to meet these criteria shall be assessed as unfit.
(4)  Sunglasses worn during the exercise of the privileges of the licence or rating held shall be non-polarizing and of a neutral grey tint.”;
(d)by deleting the heading “Visual Requirements” immediately above paragraph 71 and paragraphs 71 to 77 and substituting the following headings and paragraphs:
“Visual Acuity Test Requirements
71.  For the purposes of paragraphs 72 to 75 —
(a)each eye of the applicant will be tested separately; and
(b)the methods of testing visual acuity shall be as follows:
(i)visual acuity tests should be conducted in an environment with a level of illumination which corresponds to ordinary office illumination (30-60 cd/m2);
(ii)visual acuity should be measured by means of a series of Landolt rings, or similar optotypes, placed at a distance from the applicant, as appropriate to the method of testing adopted.
72.  The function of the applicant’s eyes and their adnexae shall be normal. There shall not be any active pathological condition, acute or chronic, nor any sequelae of surgery or trauma of the eyes or their adnexae likely to reduce proper visual function to an extent that would interfere with the safe exercise of the applicant’s licence and rating privileges.
73.—(1)  The applicant must have normal fields of vision.
(2)  The applicant must have normal binocular vision.
74.—(1)  Distant visual acuity with or without correction shall be 6/12 or better in each eye separately and binocular visual acuity shall be 6/9 or better. No limits apply to uncorrected visual acuity. Where this standard of visual acuity can be obtained only with correcting lenses, the applicant may be assessed as fit provided that —
(a)such correcting lenses are worn during the exercise of the privileges of the licence or rating applied for or held;
(b)in addition, a pair of suitable correcting spectacles is kept readily available during the exercise of the privileges of the applicant’s licence.
(2)  An applicant accepted as meeting the requirements in this paragraph is deemed to continue to do so unless there is reason to suspect otherwise, in which case an ophthalmic report is required at the discretion of the evaluating medical examiner, who shall require that the applicant’s visual acuity be measured and recorded at each re-examination.
(3)  Conditions which indicate a need to obtain an ophthalmic report include a substantial decrease in the uncorrected visual acuity, any decrease in best corrected visual acuity, and the occurrence of eye disease, eye injury or eye surgery.
(4)  An applicant may use contact lenses to meet the requirement in this paragraph provided that —
(a)the lenses are monofocal and non-tinted;
(b)the lenses are well tolerated; and
(c)a pair of suitable correcting spectacles is kept readily available during the exercise of the licence privileges.
Note: An applicant who uses contact lenses may not need to have his uncorrected visual acuity measured at each re-examination provided the history of their contact lenses prescription is known.
(5)  An applicant with a large refractive error shall use contact lenses or high index spectacle lenses.
Note: If spectacles are used, high index lenses are needed to minimize peripheral field distortion.
(6)  An applicant whose uncorrected distance visual acuity in either eye is worse than 6/60 shall be required to provide a full ophthalmic report prior to initial Medical Assessment and every 5 years thereafter.
Note: The purpose of the required ophthalmic examination is to ascertain normal visual performance and to identify any significant pathology.
(7)  An applicant who has undergone surgery affecting the refractive status of the eye shall be assessed as unfit unless he is free from those sequelae which are likely to interfere with the safe exercise of their licence and rating privileges.
Note: Defective stereopsis, abnormal convergence not interfering with near vision, and oscular misalignment where the fusional reserves are sufficient to prevent asthenopia and diplopia may not be disqualifying.
75.—(1)  The applicant shall have the ability to read, while wearing the correcting lenses, if any, required by paragraph 74(1) of this Schedule, the N5 chart or its equivalent at a distance selected by that applicant in the range of 30 to 50 centimetres.
(2)  If the requirement in sub-paragraph (1) is met only by the use of near correction, the applicant may be assessed as fit provided that this near correction is added to the spectacle correction already prescribed in accordance with paragraph 74(1) of this Schedule.
(3)  If no such correction is prescribed, a pair of spectacles for near use shall be kept readily available during the exercise of the privileges of the licence. When near correction is required, the applicant shall demonstrate that one pair of spectacles is sufficient to meet both distant and near visual requirements.
(4)  Whenever there is a requirement to obtain or renew correcting lenses, an applicant is expected to advise the refractionist of the reading distances for the visual flight deck tasks relating to the types of aircraft in which he is likely to perform his functions.
(5)  When near correction is required in accordance with this paragraph, a second pair of near correction spectacles shall be kept available for immediate use.
Note: An applicant who needs near correction to meet the requirement, will require “look-over”, bifocal or perhaps multifocal lenses in order to read the instruments and a chart or manual held in the hand, and also to make use of distant vision through the windscreen without removing the lenses. Single vision near correction (full lenses of one power only, appropriate for reading) significantly reduces distant visual acuity and is therefore not acceptable.
Colour Perception Requirements
76.  The applicant shall be required to demonstrate the ability to perceive readily those colours the perception of which is necessary for the safe performance of duties.
77.—(1)  The applicant shall be tested for the ability to correctly identify a series of pseudoisochromatic plates in daylight or in artificial light of the same colour temperature such as that provided by CIE standard illuminants C or D65 as specified by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE).
(2)  An applicant obtaining a satisfactory result as prescribed by the evaluating medical examiner shall be assessed as fit. An applicant failing to obtain a satisfactory result in such a test shall be assessed as unfit unless able to readily distinguish the colours used in air navigation and correctly identify aviation coloured lights.
(3)  An applicant who fails to meet these criteria shall be assessed with the following restrictions — valid daytime only.
(4)  Sunglasses worn during the exercise of the privileges of the licence or rating held shall be non-polarizing and of a neutral grey tint.”; and
(e)by deleting the heading “Visual Requirements” immediately above paragraph 101 and paragraphs 101 to 108 and substituting the following headings and paragraphs:
“Visual Acuity Test Requirements
101.  For the purposes of paragraphs 102 to 106 —
(a)each eye of the applicant will be tested separately; and
(b)the methods of testing visual acuity shall be as follows:
(i)visual acuity tests should be conducted in an environment with a level of illumination which corresponds to ordinary office illumination (30-60 cd/m2);
(ii)visual acuity should be measured by means of a series of Landolt rings, or similar optotypes, placed at a distance from the applicant, as appropriate to the method of testing adopted.
102.  The function of the applicant’s eyes and their adnexae shall be normal. There shall not be any active pathological condition, acute or chronic, nor any sequelae of surgery or trauma of the eyes or their adnexae likely to reduce proper visual function to an extent that would interfere with the safe exercise of the applicant’s licence and rating privileges.
103.—(1)  The applicant must have normal fields of vision.
(2)  The applicant must have normal binocular vision.
104.—(1)  Distant visual acuity with or without correction shall be 6/9 or better in each eye separately and binocular visual acuity shall be 6/6 or better. No limits apply to uncorrected visual acuity. Where this standard of visual acuity can be obtained only with correcting lenses the applicant may be assessed as fit if —
(a)such correcting lenses are worn during the exercise of the privileges of the licence or rating applied for or held; and
(b)in addition, a pair of suitable correcting lenses spectacle is kept readily available during the exercise of the privileges of the applicant’s licence.
(2)  An applicant accepted as meeting these requirements is deemed to continue to do so unless there is reason to suspect otherwise, in which case an ophthalmic report is required at the discretion of the evaluating medical examiner who shall require that the applicant’s corrected and uncorrected visual acuity be recorded and measured at each re-examination.
(3)  Conditions which indicate a need to obtain an ophthalmic report include a substantial decrease in the uncorrected visual acuity, any decrease in best corrected visual acuity, and the occurrence of eye disease, eye injury or eye surgery.
105.—(1)  The applicant shall have the ability to read, while wearing the correcting lenses, if any, required by paragraph 104(1) of this Schedule, the N5 chart or its equivalent at a distance selected by the applicant in the range of 30 to 50 centimetres and the ability to read the N14 chart or its equivalent at a distance of 100 centimetres.
(2)  If the requirement in sub-paragraph (1) is met only by the use of near correction, the applicant may be assessed as fit provided that this near correction is added to the spectacle correction already prescribed in accordance with paragraph 104(1) of this Schedule.
(3)  If no such correction is prescribed, a pair of spectacles for near use shall be kept readily available during the exercise of the privileges of the licence. When near correction is required, the applicant shall demonstrate that one pair of spectacles is sufficient to meet both distant and near visual requirements.
(4)  Single vision near correction (full lenses of one power only, appropriate to reading) significantly reduces distant visual acuity and is therefore not acceptable.
106.—(1)  Whenever there is a requirement to obtain or renew correcting lenses, an applicant is expected to advise the refractionist of reading distances for the air traffic services he is likely to perform.
(2)  When near correction is required in accordance with this paragraph, a second pair of near correction spectacles shall be kept available for immediate use.
Colour Perception Requirements
107.  An applicant shall be able to perceive readily those colours the perception of which is necessary for the performance of his functions in a safe manner.
108.—(1)  The applicant shall be tested for the ability to correctly identify a series of pseudoisochromatic plates in daylight or in artificial light of the same colour temperature such as that provided by CIE standard illuminants C or D65 as specified by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE).
(2)  An applicant obtaining a satisfactory result as prescribed by the evaluating medical examiner shall be assessed as fit. An applicant failing to obtain a satisfactory result in such a test shall be assessed as unfit unless able to readily distinguish the colours used in air navigation and correctly identify aviation coloured lights.
(3)  An applicant who fails to meet these criteria shall be assessed as unfit.
(4)  Sunglasses worn during the exercise of the privileges of the licence or rating held shall be non-polarizing and of a neutral grey tint.”.
[G.N. Nos. S 573/91; S 49/92; S 60/92; S 180/92; S 61/93; S 199/93; S 8/94; S 67/98; S 325/2000; S 384/2000]
Made this 13th day of April 2002.
CHAN HENG LOON ALAN
Permanent Secretary,
Ministry of Transport,
Singapore.
[MOT CA CA.271.10.03.0.10; CAAS/LE/LGN A1.1; AG/LEG/SL/6/1998/2 Vol. 4]
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