PART I | 1. This Order may be cited as the Air Navigation Order. |
2.—(1) In this Order, unless the context otherwise requires —| “accredited medical conclusion” means the conclusion reached by one or more medical experts acceptable to the Minister for the purposes of the case concerned, in consultation with flight operations experts or other experts if necessary; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “advisory airspace” means an airspace of defined dimensions, or a designated route, within which air traffic advisory service is available; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “aerial work” means any purpose (other than public transport) for which an aircraft is flown if hire or reward is given or promised in respect of the flight or for the purpose of the flight; |
| “aerial work aircraft” means an aircraft (other than a public transport aircraft) flying, or intended by the operator to fly, for the purpose of aerial work; |
| “aerial work undertaking” means an undertaking whose business includes the performance of aerial work; |
| “aerobatic manoeuvres” includes loops, spins, rolls, bunts, stall turns, inverted flying and any other similar manoeuvre; |
| “aerodrome” means any area of land or water designed, equipped, set apart or commonly used for affording facilities for the landing and departure of aircraft and includes any area or space whether on the ground, on the roof of a building or elsewhere which is designed, equipped or set apart for affording facilities for the landing and departure of aircraft capable of descending or climbing vertically but shall not include any area the use of which for affording facilities for the landing and departure of aircraft has been abandoned and has not been resumed; |
| “aerodrome control service” means air traffic control service for aerodrome traffic; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “aerodrome control tower” means a unit established to provide air traffic control service to aerodrome traffic; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “aerodrome traffic” means all traffic on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome and all aircraft flying in the vicinity of an aerodrome; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “aerodrome traffic zone”, in relation to any aerodrome, means defined airspace, which is notified, around an aerodrome for the protection of aerodrome traffic; |
| “aeronautical light” means any light established for the purpose of aiding air navigation; |
| “aeronautical radio station” means a radio station on the surface which transmits or receives signals for the purpose of assisting aircraft; |
| “aircraft” means any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air other than the reactions of the air against the earth’s surface; [S 61/93 wef 19/03/1993] |
| “Air Operator Certificate Requirements (AOCR)” means the requirements in respect of air operator certificates granted by the chief executive officer for the purposes of paragraph 87; [S 384/2000 wef 31/08/2000] |
| “air traffic” means all aircraft in flight or operating on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “air traffic advisory service” means a service provided within advisory airspace to ensure separation, in so far as practical, between aircraft which are operating on flight plans in accordance with Instrument Flight Rules; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “air traffic control clearance” means authorisation for an aircraft to proceed under conditions specified by an air traffic control unit; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
“air traffic control service” means a service provided in accordance with this Order for the purpose of —| (a) | preventing any collision —| (i) | between aircraft; and | | (ii) | between aircraft and any obstruction on the manoeuvring area; or |
| | (b) | expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
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| “air traffic control unit” includes area control centre, approach control office and aerodrome control tower; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “air traffic controller licence” means an air traffic controller licence granted or renewed under paragraph 62A(4); [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “air traffic service” includes flight information service, alerting service, air traffic advisory service, air traffic control service, area control service, approach control service and aerodrome control service; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “air transport undertaking” means an undertaking whose business includes the carriage by air of passengers or cargo for hire or reward; |
| “alerting service” means a service provided to notify appropriate organisations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid, and to assist such organisations as may be required; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “approach control office” means a unit established to provide air traffic control service to controlled flights arriving at, or departing from, one or more aerodromes; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “approach control service” means air traffic control service for arriving or departing controlled flights; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “appropriate aeronautical radio station” means, in relation to an aircraft, an aeronautical radio station serving the area in which the aircraft is for the time being; |
| [Deleted by S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “apron” means a defined area, on a land aerodrome, intended to accommodate aircraft for the purposes of loading or unloading passengers, mail or cargo, fuelling, parking or maintenance; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “area control centre” means a unit established to provide air traffic control service to controlled flights in control areas under its jurisdiction; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “area control service” means air traffic control service for controlled flights in control areas; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “authorised person” means any person authorised by the Minister either generally or in relation to a particular case or class of cases, and references to an authorised person include references to the holder for the time being of any office designated by the Minister; |
| “beneficial interests” means interests arising under contract and other equitable interests; |
| “cabin crew member” means a member of the crew who performs, in the interest of the safety of passengers, duties assigned by the operator or the commander of the aircraft, but does not include a flight crew member; [S 384/2000 wef 31/08/2000] |
| “cargo” includes mail and animals; |
| “Certificate of Airworthiness” includes any validation thereof and any flight manual, performance schedule, or other document, whatever its title, incorporated by reference in that certificate relating to the Certificate of Airworthiness; [S 61/93 wef 19/03/1993] |
| “certificate of maintenance review” means a certificate of maintenance review issued under paragraph 9; |
| “certificate of release to service” means a certificate of release to service issued under paragraph 10; |
| “chief executive officer” means the chief executive officer of the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore and includes any person authorised by him to act on his behalf and any person acting in that capacity; |
| “commander”, in relation to an aircraft, means the member of the flight crew designated as commander of that aircraft by the operator thereof, or, failing such a person, the person who is for the time being the pilot in command of the aircraft; |
| “competent authority” means, in relation to Singapore, the Minister, and, in relation to any other country, the authority responsible under the law of that country for promoting the safety of civil aviation; |
| “congested area”, in relation to a city, town or settlement, means any area which is substantially used for residential, industrial, commercial or recreational purposes; |
| “Contracting State” means any country (including Singapore) which is a party to the Chicago Convention; |
| “controlled airspace” means control areas and control zones; |
| “controlled flight” means any flight which is subject to an air traffic control clearance; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “control area” means air space which has been notified as such and which extends upwards from a notified altitude; |
| “control zone” means air space which has been notified as such and which extends upwards from the surface; |
| “co-pilot”, in relation to an aircraft, means a pilot who in performing his duties as such is subject to the direction of another pilot carried in the aircraft; |
| “country” includes a territory; |
| “crew” means a member of the flight crew, a cabin crew member or a person carried on the aircraft who is appointed by the operator of the aircraft to give or to supervise the training, practice and periodical tests required in respect of the crew under paragraph 27(2); [S 384/2000 wef 31/08/2000] |
“ELT” means an emergency locator transmitter which —| (a) | broadcasts distinctive signals on designated frequencies and, depending on application, may either operate automatically following a crash or be manually activated; and | | (b) | satisfies the requirements and operates in accordance with the provisions of Annex 10 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation and any amendment thereto as amended by the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organisation and accepted by the Government; [S 384/2000 wef 31/08/2000] |
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| “flight” and “to fly” have the meanings respectively assigned to them by sub-paragraph (2); |
| “flight crew”, in relation to an aircraft, means those members of the crew of the aircraft who respectively undertake to act as pilot, flight navigator, flight engineer and flight radio operator of the aircraft; |
“flight despatcher” means a person appointed by the operator of an aircraft to provide —| (a) | assistance to the pilot-in-command in pre-flight preparation for the despatch release; and | | (b) | supervision of flight while acting as a close link between the aircraft in flight and the ground services, and between the flight crew and the operator’s ground staff, |
| and includes a flight operations officer; |
[S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “flight information centre” means a unit established to provide flight information service and alerting service; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “flight information service” means a service provided for the purpose of giving advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “flight level” means one of a series of levels of equal atmospheric pressure, separated by notified intervals and each expressed as the number of hundred of feet which would be indicated at that level on a pressure altimeter calibrated in accordance with the International Standard Atmosphere and set to 1013.2 millibars; |
| “flight plan” means specified information provided to air traffic services units relating to an intended flight or portion of a flight of an aircraft; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “flight recording system” means a system comprising either a flight data recorder or a cockpit voice recorder or both; |
| “flight simulator” means apparatus by means of which flight conditions in an aircraft are simulated on the ground; |
| “flight visibility” means the visibility forward from the flight deck of an aircraft in flight; |
| “Instrument Flight Rules” means Instrument Flight Rules contained in Part VI of the Eleventh Schedule; |
| “Instrument Meteorological Conditions” means weather precluding flight in compliance with the Visual Flight Rules; |
| “to land” in relation to aircraft includes to alight on water; |
| “legal personal representative” means an executor, administrator or other representative of a deceased person; |
| “licence” includes any certificate of competency or certificate of validity issued with the licence or required to be held in connection with the licence by the law of the country in which the licence is granted; |
| “licence for public use” has the meaning assigned to it by paragraph 67(1); |
| “licensed aerodrome” means an aerodrome licensed under this Order; |
| “lifejacket” includes any device designed to support a person individually in or on water; |
| “log book”, in the case of an aircraft log book, engine log book or variable pitch propeller log book includes a record kept either in a book or by any other means approved by the chief executive officer in any particular case; |
| “maintenance” means the performance of tasks required to ensure the continued airworthiness of an aircraft, and includes the overhaul, inspection, replacement, defect rectification and the embodiment of a modification or repair; [S 166/2002 wef 15/04/2002] |
| “maintenance schedule” means a document which describes the specific scheduled maintenance tasks and their frequency of completion necessary for the safe operation of those aircraft to which it applies; [S 166/2002 wef 15/04/2002] |
| “manoeuvring area” means that part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, but does not include aprons; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “maximum total weight authorised”, in relation to an aircraft, means the maximum total weight of the aircraft and its contents at which the aircraft may take off anywhere in the world in the most favourable circumstances in accordance with the Certificate of Airworthiness in force in respect of the aircraft; |
| “military aircraft” includes the naval, military or air force aircraft of any country; |
| “nautical mile” means the International Nautical Mile which is a distance of 1,852 metres; |
| “night” means the time between 20 minutes after sunset and 20 minutes before sunrise, sunset and sunrise being determined at surface level; |
| “notified” means shown in publications issued in Singapore entitled Notams (Notices to Airmen), Air Operator Certificate Requirements (AOCR), Aeronautical Information Circulars (AIC), Advisory Circulars (AC), Singapore Airworthiness Guide (SAG), Aeronautical Information Publications, Airworthiness Notices, Singapore Air Safety Publications (SASP) and Singapore Airworthiness Requirements (SAR) or any other official publication so issued for the purpose of enabling any of the provisions of this Order to be complied with; [S 384/2000 wef 31/08/2000] |
| “operator” has the meaning assigned to it by sub-paragraph (3); |
| “pilot-in-command”, in relation to an aircraft, means a person who for the time being is in charge of the piloting of the aircraft without being under the direction of any other pilot in the aircraft; |
| “prescribed” means prescribed by regulations made by the Minister under this Order; |
| “pressurised aircraft” means an aircraft provided with means of maintaining in any compartment thereof a pressure greater than that of the surrounding atmosphere; |
“problematic use of psychoactive substances” means the use of one or more psychoactive substances in a way that —| (a) | constitutes a direct hazard to the user or endangers the lives, health or welfare of any other person; or | | (b) | causes or worsens an occupational, social, mental or physical problem or disorder suffered by the user; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
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| “psychoactive substances” means alcohol, opiods, cannabinoids, sedatives and hypnotics, cocaine, other psychostimulants, hallucinogens and volatile solvents, but excludes coffee and tobacco; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “public transport” has the meaning assigned to it by sub-paragraph (4); |
| “public transport aircraft” means an aircraft flying or intended by the operator of the aircraft to fly, for the purpose of public transport; |
| “public transport of passengers” means transport of passengers which is public transport by virtue of sub-paragraph (4)(a)(i) or (ii); |
| “repair” means the restoration of an aeronautical product to an airworthy condition to ensure that the aircraft continues to comply with design aspects of the appropriate airworthiness requirements used for the issuance of the type certificate of the respective aircraft type, after it has been damaged or subject to wear; [S 166/2002 wef 15/04/2002] |
| “replacement”, in relation to any part of any aircraft or its equipment, includes the removal and replacement of that part whether or not by the same part, and whether or not any work is done on it, but does not include the removal and replacement of a part which is designed to be removable solely for the purpose of enabling another part to be inspected, repaired, removed or replaced or cargo to be loaded; |
| “Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Control” means the Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Control contained in the Eleventh Schedule; |
| “scheduled journey” means one of a series of journeys which are undertaken between the same two places and together amount to a systematic service; |
| “Singapore Air Safety Publication (SASP)” means the Singapore Air Safety Publication issued under paragraph 20; [S 384/2000 wef 31/08/2000] |
| “Singapore aircraft” means an aircraft which is registered in the Republic of Singapore; |
| “Singapore Airworthiness Requirements (SAR)” means the Singapore Airworthiness Requirements issued under paragraph 17A; [S 384/2000 wef 31/08/2000] |
| “special VFR flight” means a flight which is a special VFR flight for the purposes of the rules prescribed under paragraph 62(1); |
| “State of the operator” means the State in which the operator of an aircraft has his principal place of business or, if he has no such place of business, his permanent residence; [S 384/2000 wef 31/08/2000] |
| “survival ELT” means an ELT which is removable from an aircraft, stowed as to facilitate its ready use in an emergency, and capable of being manually activated; [S 384/2000 wef 31/08/2000] |
| “taxiing” means the movement of an aircraft on the surface of an aerodrome under its own power, but does not include take-off and landing; [S 325/2000 wef 01/08/2000] |
| “Visual Flight Rules” means the Visual Flight Rules contained in Part V of the Eleventh Schedule; |
| “Visual Meteorological Conditions” means weather permitting flight in accordance with the Visual Flight Rules. |
(2) An aircraft shall be deemed to be in flight —| (a) | in the case of an aeroplane, a pilotless flying machine or glider, from the moment it first moves for the purpose of taking off until the moment when it finally comes to rest after landing; | | (b) | in the case of a helicopter or gyroplane, from the moment the rotor blades start turning until the moment when it finally comes to rest after landing and the rotor blades are stopped; | | (c) | in the case of an airship or free balloon, from the moment when it first becomes detached from the surface until the moment when it next becomes attached thereto or comes to rest thereon, |
| and the expressions “a flight”, “to fly” and “flight time” shall be construed accordingly. |
[S 166/2002 wef 15/04/2002] |
(3) References in this Order to the operator of an aircraft are, for the purposes of the application of any provision of this Order in relation to any particular aircraft, references to the person who at the relevant time has the management of that aircraft:| Provided that, for the purposes of the application of any provision in Part III when by virtue of any charter or other agreement for the hire or loan of an aircraft, a person, other than an air transport undertaking or an aerial work undertaking, has the management of that aircraft for a period not exceeding 14 days, sub-paragraphs (1) and (2) shall have effect as if that agreement had not been entered into. |
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(4) (a) Subject to this paragraph, an aircraft in flight shall for the purposes of this Order be deemed to fly for the purpose of public transport —| (i) | if hire or reward is given or promised for the carriage of passengers or cargo in the aircraft on that flight; or | | (ii) | if any passengers or cargo are carried gratuitously in the aircraft on that flight by an air transport undertaking, not being persons in the employment of the undertaking (including its directors in the case of a body corporate), persons with the authority of the Minister either making any inspection or witnessing any training, practice or test for the purposes of this Order, or a cargo intended to be used by any such passengers as aforesaid, or by the undertaking; or | | (iii) | for the purposes of Part III if hire or reward is given or promised for the right to fly the aircraft on that flight otherwise than under a hire purchase agreement. |
| | (b) | Where under a transaction effected by or on behalf of a member of an unincorporated association of persons on the one hand and the association of persons or any member thereof on the other hand, a person is carried in, or is given the right to fly, an aircraft in such circumstances that hire or reward would be deemed to be given or promised if the transaction were effected otherwise than as aforesaid, hire or reward, shall, for the purposes of this Order, be deemed to be given. |
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| (5) The expressions appearing in the “Table of General Classification of Aircraft” set out in Part A of the First Schedule shall have the meanings thereby assigned to them. |
(6) For the purpose of paragraphs 6(1), 13(1), 19(2)(a) and 35(1), the reference to law of the State of the operator shall apply where —| (a) | that aircraft is registered in a Contracting State other than the State of the operator; | | (b) | the operator is operating that aircraft pursuant to an agreement for its lease, charter or interchange or any similar arrangement; | | (c) | the State in which that aircraft is registered has, by agreement with the State of the operator, agreed to transfer to the State of the operator its functions and duties as State of registry in respect of that aircraft in relation to any one or more of the following matters:| (i) | in the case of paragraph 6(1), airworthiness; | | (ii) | in the case of paragraph 13(1), aircraft radio equipment; | | (iii) | in the case of paragraph 19(2)(a), flight crew licensing; or | | (iv) | in the case of paragraph 35(1), radio licensing; and |
| | (d) | the agreement has been registered with the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organisation or the existence and scope of the agreement have been directly communicated to the Authority. [S 384/2000 wef 31/08/2000] |
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