PART II | RULES GOVERNING THE CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES AND TRAILERS |
4.—(1) Every motor cycle shall be so constructed that it is a wheeled vehicle.| (2) Subject to paragraph (1), every motor vehicle and trailer shall be so constructed that it is either a wheeled vehicle or a track laying vehicle. |
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| 5. No vehicle shall be fitted with a replacement chassis or any body part where the chassis is an integral part of the vehicle. |
| 6.—(1) The overall length of a motor vehicle, other than an articulated vehicle, shall not exceed 12 metres. [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] | (1A) The overall length of a motor vehicle drawing a trailer, not being a semi-trailer, shall not exceed 14 metres. [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] |
| (2) The overall length of an articulated vehicle shall not exceed 18 metres. [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] |
| (3) The Registrar may, subject to such terms and conditions as he may impose, authorise the use of a vehicle whose overall length exceeds the limit prescribed by this rule for that vehicle. |
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| 7.—(1) The overall width of a motor vehicle or trailer shall not exceed 2.6 metres. [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] | (2) The Registrar may, subject to such terms and conditions as he may impose, permit the use of a light locomotive or heavy locomotive the overall width of which exceeds 2.6 metres. [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] |
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| 8.—(1) The overall height of a motor vehicle measured from the surface on which the vehicle rests shall not exceed 4.0 metres. [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] | (2) The Registrar may, subject to such terms and conditions as he may impose, permit the use of a motor vehicle the overall height of which exceeds 4.0 metres. [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] |
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| Motor cycles with side-cars attached thereto |
9.—(1) A motor cycle may be fitted with a side-car for the carriage of a passenger or goods.| (2) The overall length of the side-car shall not exceed 1,400 millimetres. |
| (3) The overall width of the side-car measured between the point of its attachment to the motor cycle and the outer face of its tyre shall not exceed 1,020 millimetres. |
| (4) The overall height of the side-car shall not exceed 800 millimetres. |
| (5) In the case of a vehicle used by an ice-cream vendor, the overall height of the side-car attached thereto may exceed 800 millimetres but shall not exceed 1,100 millimetres. |
| (6) Every side-car constructed for the carriage of goods shall be fitted with one or more lids. |
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10.—(1) Every motor vehicle or trailer with more than 4 wheels and every trailer being part of an articulated vehicle and having more than 2 wheels shall be provided with such compensating arrangement as shall ensure that all the wheels shall remain in contact with the road surface and under the most adverse conditions shall not be subjected to abnormal variations of load.| (2) Nothing in paragraph (1) shall apply to any steerable wheel of a motor vehicle if the load on such wheel does not exceed 2.5 metric tons. |
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11.—(1) Every motor vehicle and every trailer drawn thereby shall be equipped with suitable and sufficient springs between each wheel and the frame of the vehicle.(2) Nothing in paragraph (1) shall apply to any —| (a) | plant used for road repair; | | (b) | land implement or land tractor; | | (c) | mobile crane; | | (d) | works vehicle; or | | (e) | motor tractor not exceeding 4 metric tons in weight unladen if all unsprung wheels of such tractor are fitted with pneumatic tyres. |
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12.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2), every motor vehicle shall be equipped —| (a) | with an efficient braking system having 2 means of operation; or | | (b) | with 2 efficient braking systems each having a separate means of operation. |
| (2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a motor vehicle, if the vehicle is equipped with one efficient braking system with one mean of operation and that system is a split braking system. |
| (3) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the braking system or braking systems of every motor vehicle shall be so designed and constructed that, notwithstanding the failure of any part (other than a fixed member or a brake shoe anchor pin) through or by means of which the force necessary to apply the brakes is transmitted, there shall still be available for application by the driver to not less than half the number of the wheels of the vehicle brakes sufficient under the most adverse conditions to bring the vehicle to rest within a reasonable distance. |
| (4) In the event of such failure as referred to in paragraph (3), it shall not be necessary for brakes to be available for application by the driver to more than one wheel if the vehicle has less than 4 wheels and its unladen weight does not exceed one metric ton. |
| (5) Nothing in paragraph (1) shall apply to a road roller, land implement, land tractor, light locomotive or heavy locomotive if the vehicle is equipped with one braking system with one means of operation. |
| (6) Where a motor vehicle has, including every steering wheel, more than 3 wheels, at least one means of operation of its brakes shall be capable of causing brakes to be applied to all the wheels of the vehicle. |
| (7) Where a vehicle has more than 2 steering wheels, only half the number of steering wheels shall be deemed to be the wheels of the vehicle for the purpose of paragraph (6). |
| (8) Nothing in paragraph (6) shall apply to a light locomotive or heavy locomotive or to a motor tractor not forming part of an articulated vehicle. |
| (9) The application of one means of operation of the brakes of a motor vehicle shall not affect or operate the pedal or hand lever of the other means of operation. |
| (10) No braking system of a motor vehicle shall be rendered ineffective by the non-rotation of the engine. |
| (11) All the brakes of a motor vehicle which are operated by one of the means of operation required by this rule shall be capable of being applied by direct mechanical action without the intervention of any hydraulic, electric or pneumatic device. |
| (12) One at least of the means of operation required by this rule shall be capable of causing brakes to be applied directly and not through the transmission gear to not less than half the number of wheels of the vehicle. |
(13) Where a motor vehicle has more than 4 wheels and the drive is transmitted to all wheels other than the steering wheels without the interposition of a differential driving gear or similar mechanism between the axles carrying the driving wheels, it shall be deemed to be a sufficient compliance with paragraph (12) if —| (a) | the brakes applied by one means of operation act directly on 2 driving wheels on opposite sides of the vehicle; and | | (b) | the brakes applied by the other means of operation act directly on all the other driving wheels. |
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| (14) For the purposes of this rule, every moving shaft to which any part of a braking system or any means of operation thereof is connected or by which it is supported shall be deemed to be part of that system. |
| (15) No account shall be taken in the case of a vehicle registered after 1st June 1975 of any braking system whose means of operation is such that it applies the brakes progressively as a result of successive application of that device by the driver unless that means, at the first application, operates any hydraulic, electric or pneumatic device which causes brakes sufficient to bring the vehicle to rest within a reasonable distance. |
| (16) Every motor vehicle which is equipped with a braking system which embodies a vacuum or pressure reservoir or reservoirs shall be provided with a warning device so placed as to be readily visible to the driver of the vehicle when in the driving seat in order to indicate any impending failure or deficiency in the vacuum or pressure system. |
| (17) In the case of a vehicle the unladen weight of which does not exceed 3 metric tons and which is propelled by an internal combustion engine and equipped with a braking system embodying a vacuum reservoir or reservoirs, the vacuum therein being derived directly from the induction system of the engine, it shall not be necessary to provide a warning device referred to in paragraph (16) if, in the event of a failure or deficiency in the vacuum system, the brakes of that braking system are sufficient under any condition to bring the vehicle to rest within a reasonable distance. |
| (18) Every goods vehicle registered on or after 1st July 1980 shall be equipped with a split braking system. |
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13.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2), every motor vehicle shall be equipped with a braking system, which may be one of the systems prescribed in rule 12, other than paragraph (2) thereof, so designed and constructed that it can at all times be set so as effectually to prevent 2 at least, or in the case of a vehicle with only 3 wheels one of the wheels from revolving when the vehicle is not being driven or is left unattended.| (2) Nothing in paragraph (1) shall apply to a two-wheeled motor cycle with or without a side-car attached. |
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14.—(1) To every motor vehicle, other than a vehicle which is incapable by reason of its construction of exceeding a speed of 20 kilometres per hour, there shall be fitted an instrument so constructed and in such a position as at all times readily to indicate to the driver of the vehicle the speed thereof within a margin of accuracy of plus or minus 10% if and when he is driving at a speed in excess of 20 kilometres per hour.| (2) On every vehicle registered after 1st January 1975 the speed thereof shall be indicated on such an instrument in units of kilometres per hour. |
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| Wheels and diameters thereof |
15.—(1) Every motor vehicle and trailer shall be so constructed that the entire weight of the motor vehicle or trailer is transmitted to the road surface by circular wheels or by tracks if the motor vehicle or trailer is a track laying vehicle.| (2) In the case of a track laying vehicle the parts of the track which come into contact with the road surface shall be flat and have a minimum width of 13 millimetres; and the total area of each track in contact with the road surface at any one time shall be at least 230 square centimetres in respect of each metric ton of the unladen weight of the track laying vehicle. |
| (3) A track laying motor tractor shall not draw any trailer. |
| (4) All wheels of a motor vehicle and trailer which are equipped with tyres other than pneumatic tyres shall have a rim diameter of at least 670 millimetres. |
(5) Nothing in paragraph (4) shall apply to a —| (a) | works vehicle not exceeding 1.5 metric tons in weight unladen; | | (b) | motor vehicle or trailer designed for use and used by or on behalf of the Government solely in connection with street cleansing, road repairs, the collection or disposal of refuse or the contents of drains, gullies, latrines or cess-pools; and | | (c) | mobile crane. |
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| 16. Every motor vehicle which exceeds 400 kilograms in weight unladen shall be capable of being so worked that it may travel either forward or backward. |
17. Every motor vehicle shall be so designed and constructed that the driver thereof —| (a) | has adequate room and can easily reach and quickly operate the controls; and | | (b) | while controlling the vehicle can at all times have a full view of the road and traffic ahead of the motor vehicle. |
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| 18.—(1) Subject to paragraphs (1A) and (1B), the driver’s seat of a motor vehicle shall be fitted internally on the right or off-side of the vehicle. [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] | (1A) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any motor cycle, whether with or without an attached side-car. [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] |
| (1B) The Registrar may, subject to such terms and conditions as he may impose, permit the use of a motor vehicle which does not comply with paragraph (1). [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] |
| (2) On every goods vehicle, registered after 1st June 1975 and the weight of which unladen exceeds 2 metric tons, and on every public service vehicle registered after 1st June 1975 the driver’s seat shall be capable of being adjusted so that it can be moved in the horizontal direction from 300 millimetres to at least 400 millimetres between the nearest point on the periphery of the steering wheel and the nearest point on the back of the driver’s seat and also in the vertical direction from 150 millimetres to at least 250 millimetres between these 2 points. |
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| 19. Every entrance to or exit from every motor vehicle registered after 1st January 1975 shall be provided with a door which can be closed securely. |
| Mirrors and devices for indirect vision |
20.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2), every motor vehicle, other than a motor cycle with or without a side-car attached, must be equipped with —| (a) | at least one mirror or one device for indirect vision fitted externally on each side of the motor vehicle, to assist the driver of the motor vehicle to observe the traffic on both sides rearwards; and [S 141/2021 wef 08/03/2021] | | (b) | at least one mirror fitted internally or one device for indirect vision, to assist the driver of the motor vehicle to observe the traffic at the rear of the motor vehicle. [S 141/2021 wef 08/03/2021] |
[S 207/2020 wef 01/04/2020] | (2) Paragraph (1)(b) does not apply where, by reason of the construction of a motor vehicle, a mirror fitted internally would not assist the driver of the motor vehicle to become aware of traffic at the rear of the motor vehicle. |
| (3) Every motor cycle, with or without a side-car attached, must be equipped with at least one mirror that is so constructed and fitted to the handle bar of the motor cycle as to assist the rider to become aware of traffic at the rear of the motor cycle. [S 207/2020 wef 01/04/2020] |
(4) A mirror fitted to a motor vehicle under paragraph (1) or to a motor cycle under paragraph (3) must —| (a) | be securely attached to the motor vehicle or motor cycle to ensure that the mirror remains steady under normal driving or riding conditions; | | (b) | be mounted on the motor vehicle or motor cycle in a position that ensures that the mirror is sufficiently isolated from vibrations; and | | (c) | be adjustable and able to maintain its adjusted position. [S 101/2015 wef 01/04/2015] |
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(5) A device for indirect vision fitted to a motor vehicle under paragraph (1) must —| (a) | be securely attached to the motor vehicle to ensure that the device for indirect vision remains steady under normal driving conditions; | | (b) | be mounted on the motor vehicle in a position that ensures that the device for indirect vision is sufficiently isolated from vibrations; | | (c) | be adjustable and able to maintain its adjusted position; and | | (d) | be constructed and fitted in compliance with —| (i) | the requirements relating to devices for indirect vision in the version of UN Regulation 46 that is in force on the day the motor vehicle is manufactured; or | | (ii) | the requirements relating to devices for indirect vision in the version of Japanese Article 44 that is in force on the day the motor vehicle is manufactured. |
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[S 141/2021 wef 08/03/2021] |
[S 141/2021 wef 08/03/2021] |
| Device to observe blind spots for heavy goods vehicles and buses |
20A.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2), every heavy goods vehicle registered on or after 1 April 2015 must be equipped with a device to observe blind spots, that is constructed and fitted in compliance with —| (a) | the requirements relating to devices for indirect vision for heavy goods vehicles in Directive 2003/97/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 November 2003; | | (b) | the requirements relating to devices for indirect vision for heavy goods vehicles in the version of UN Regulation 46 that is in force on the day the heavy goods vehicle is manufactured; or | | (c) | the requirements relating to rear-view mirrors for heavy goods vehicles in the version of Japanese Article 44 that is in force on the day the heavy goods vehicle is manufactured. |
| (2) Paragraph (1) does not apply to a heavy goods vehicle for which, by reason of the heavy goods vehicle’s construction, the fitting of the device referred to in paragraph (1) will not assist the driver of the heavy goods vehicle to observe blind spots. |
(3) Subject to paragraph (4), every heavy goods vehicle registered before 1 April 2015 must —| (a) | be equipped with a device to observe blind spots, that is constructed and fitted in compliance with paragraph (1); or | | (b) | be fitted with a Fresnel lens on the front passenger side window. [S 103/2015 wef 01/10/2015] |
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| (4) Paragraph (3) does not apply to a heavy goods vehicle for which, by reason of the heavy goods vehicle’s construction, the fitting of the device referred to in paragraph (1) or a Fresnel lens does not assist the driver of the heavy goods vehicle to observe blind spots. [S 103/2015 wef 01/10/2015] |
(5) Subject to paragraph (6), every bus with a maximum laden weight exceeding 8,000 kilograms registered before 1 October 2015 must —| (a) | be equipped with a device to enable the driver to have a clear view of the area within 300 millimetres of the front and 300 millimetres of the left side of the bus; or | | (b) | be fitted with a Fresnel lens on the left of the bus, to enable the driver to have a clear view of the area on the left side of the bus. [S 103/2015 wef 01/10/2015] |
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| (6) Paragraph (5) does not apply to a bus in which, by reason of the bus’ construction, the driver of the bus has a clear view of the area on the left side of the bus without the assistance of the device referred to in paragraph (5)(a) or a Fresnel lens. [S 103/2015 wef 01/10/2015] |
| (7) Subject to paragraph (8), every bus with a maximum laden weight exceeding 8,000 kilograms registered on or after 1 October 2015 must be equipped with a device to enable the driver to have a clear view of the area within 300 millimetres of the front and 300 millimetres of the left side of the bus. [S 103/2015 wef 01/10/2015] |
| (8) Paragraph (7) does not apply to a bus in which, by reason of the bus’ construction, the driver of the bus has a clear view of the area within 300 millimetres of the front and 300 millimetres of the left side of the bus without the assistance of the device referred to in paragraph (7). [S 103/2015 wef 01/10/2015] [S 101/2015 wef 01/04/2015] |
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21.—(1) The glass of all windscreens and windows fitted to a motor vehicle shall be safety glass.| (2) All glass and any transparent material fitted to a motor vehicle shall be maintained in such condition that it does not obscure the vision of the driver while the vehicle is being driven on a road. |
| (3) No tinted glass shall be used as part of or fitted to the windscreen and window of a motor vehicle except with the prior written permission of the Registrar given in that behalf. |
| (4) The glass of the front windscreen fitted to a motor vehicle shall not be made of a material or be of a design such as to prevent, obstruct or interfere with transmission of signals between an in-vehicle unit installed in such vehicle and any ERP facility. |
(5) No person shall —| (a) | make or cause to be made to the front windscreen fitted to a motor vehicle any addition or alteration; or | | (b) | apply or cause to be applied to the front windscreen fitted to a motor vehicle any coating or other substance, |
| which has the effect of preventing, obstructing or interfering with the transmission of signals between an in-vehicle unit installed in such motor vehicle and any ERP facility. |
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| (6) In this rule, “in-vehicle unit” and “ERP facility” have the same meanings as in the Road Traffic (Electronic Road Pricing System) Rules (R 38). |
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22.—(1) The windscreen of every motor vehicle, which is so constructed that the driver cannot obtain an adequate view to the front of the vehicle without looking through the windscreen by opening the windscreen or otherwise, shall be fitted with efficient automatic windscreen wipers.| (2) The windscreen wipers required by paragraph (1) shall be capable of clearing the windscreen so that the driver has an adequate view of the road in front of the near and off-sides of the vehicle in addition to an adequate view to the front of the vehicle. |
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23.—(1) Every motor vehicle, registered after 1st June 1975 and the windscreen of which is required to be fitted with one or more efficient automatic windscreen wipers under rule 22, shall be fitted with a windscreen washer capable of cleaning, in conjunction with those windscreen wipers, the area of the windscreen swept by those windscreen wipers of mud and other similar deposit.| (2) Nothing in paragraph (1) shall apply to a land tractor or a works vehicle. |
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| Audible warning instruments |
24.—(1) Every motor vehicle shall be fitted with an instrument or apparatus capable of giving audible and sufficient warning of its approach or position.(2) No such instrument or apparatus shall consist of —| (a) | a gong or bell, except in the case of a motor vehicle that is an authorised ambulance or is used solely for fire brigade, military, police or customs purposes; [S 1050/2021 wef 03/01/2022] | | (b) | a siren, except in the case of a vehicle used solely for fire brigade, military, police or customs purposes, or a vehicle owned by a police officer or a civil defence officer and used by him in the execution of his duties; | | (c) | a multi-tone horn giving a succession of different notes, except in the case of an authorised ambulance; or [S 1050/2021 wef 03/01/2022] | | (d) | a sound producing device giving an unduly harsh, shrill, loud or alarming noise, except in the case of a vehicle used solely for fire brigade, military, police or customs purposes. |
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| (3) Every trailer registered on or after 1st July 1980, shall be fitted with an instrument or apparatus capable of giving audible and sufficient warning of any reverse movement of the trailer. |
| (4) With effect from 1st July 1981, every trailer shall be fitted with an instrument or apparatus capable of giving audible and sufficient warning of any reverse movement of the trailer. |
| (5) Every prime mover registered on or after 1st April 1981 shall be so constructed or equipped that it shall, when attached to any trailer fitted with an instrument or apparatus under paragraph (3) or (4), automatically activate the instrument or apparatus when the prime mover is in the reverse gear. |
| (6) With effect from 1st July 1981, every prime mover shall be so constructed or equipped that it shall, when attached to any trailer fitted with an instrument or apparatus under paragraph (3) or (4), automatically activate the instrument or apparatus when the prime mover is in the reverse gear. |
| (7) The instrument or apparatus fitted to a trailer under paragraph (3) or (4) shall not have a multi-tone or produce an unduly harsh, shrill, loud or alarming noise. |
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24A.—(1) Every vehicle must be fitted with a height warning system capable of giving audible and sufficient warning to the driver of the vehicle when the crane mounted on the vehicle is extended to a height which causes the overall height of the vehicle to exceed the stowed height of the vehicle.| (2) Every height warning system fitted to a vehicle must at all times while the vehicle is being driven on a road be in operation and maintained in good working order. |
| (3) A person must not modify or tamper with the working of a height warning system of a vehicle in a manner that is likely to prevent the system from working in the manner mentioned in paragraph (1) or (2). |
(4) This rule applies —| (a) | with effect from 1 January 2017, in respect of any vehicle registered on or after, or the crane of which was retrofitted on or after, 1 January 2017; and | | (b) | with effect from 1 October 2017, in respect of any vehicle registered before, or the crane of which was retrofitted before, 1 January 2017. |
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(5) In this rule —“crane” means an articulated boom crane (which is a powered crane) comprising —| (a) | a column which slews about a base; and | | (b) | a boom system with one or more pivot joints attached to the top of that column; |
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| “overall height”, in relation to a vehicle, means the height of the vehicle measured, when the crane of the vehicle is extended at any angle, from the surface on which the vehicle rests to the part of the crane that is furthest from the surface; |
| “stowed height”, in relation to a vehicle, means the height of the vehicle measured, when the crane is retracted and fully stowed in a rest position, from the surface on which the vehicle rests to the part of the crane that is furthest from the surface; |
| “vehicle” means a vehicle mounted with a crane. |
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[S 637/2016 wef 01/01/2017] |
| Types of direction indicators |
25. In rules 26 to 29, unless the context otherwise requires —| “flank indicator” means a direction indicator when fitted to a vehicle is visible from one side of the vehicle; |
| “front indicator” means a direction indicator when fitted to a vehicle is visible from the front of the vehicle; |
| “matched pair”, in relation to direction indicators or stop lights, means a pair of direction indicators or stop lights which are alike in character in respect of shape, size and power, and fitted to a vehicle in accordance with these Rules in symmetrical positions on the longitudinal plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the vehicle; |
| “rear indicator” means a direction indicator when fitted to a vehicle is visible from the rear of the vehicle; |
| “side indicator” means a direction indicator when fitted to a vehicle is visible from the front and rear and from one side of the vehicle. |
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| Direction indicators to be fitted to motor vehicles |
26.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2), every motor vehicle shall be fitted with a matched pair of front indicators, and every motor vehicle and every trailer shall be fitted with a matched pair of rear indicators.(2) Nothing in paragraph (1) shall apply to a —| (a) | tractor, land implement and works vehicle; | | (b) | two-wheeled motor cycle, with or without a side-car attached, which is registered before 1st January 1975; and | | (c) | trailer if the rear indicators of the towing vehicle are fully visible from the rear. |
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(3) Every —| (a) | public service vehicle having a seating capacity for more than 15 persons, excluding the driver; | | (b) | vehicle constructed so as to be able to tow a trailer; and | | (c) | vehicle registered after 1st January 1975 and the total length of which exceeds 8.0 metres, |
| shall, in addition to the direction indicators required by paragraph (1), be fitted with a matched pair of side indicators. |
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| (4) A matched pair of side indicators may be fitted to a motor vehicle, other than those referred to in paragraph (3). |
| (5) An additional matched pair of flank indicators may be fitted to a motor vehicle referred to in paragraph (3). |
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| Manner in which direction indicators shall be fitted to vehicle |
27.—(1) A direction indicator shall be on the external surface of a vehicle.| (2) A direction indicator intended to indicate a right hand turn shall be fitted only to the right of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and one intended to indicate a left hand turn shall be fitted only to the left of that axis. |
| (3) No part of the illuminated area of a direction indicator shall be more than 1.5 metres above the level of the ground when the vehicle is unladen. |
| (4) The Registrar may, subject to such terms and conditions as he may impose, approve a height of more than 1.5 metres but below 2.0 metres. |
| (5) Every direction indicator shall be so designed and fitted that the outermost point of its illuminated area which is furthest from the longitudinal axis of the vehicle is not more than 400 millimetres nearer to the axis than is the outermost point of the vehicle which is comprised in the overall width of the vehicle on the side on which the indicator is placed. |
| (6) Where a side indicator is fitted on a side of a motor vehicle in accordance with rule 26(3) or (4), the direction indicator shall be so fitted that the distance between the foremost part of the motor vehicle which is comprised in the overall length of the motor vehicle and the rearmost part of the illuminated area of that indicator is not more than 1/3 of the overall length of the motor vehicle or, where the motor vehicle is the drawing vehicle forming part of an articulated vehicle, not more than 1/3 of the overall length of the articulated vehicle. |
| (7) Every direction indicator shall be so fitted that, when not in operation, it will not be likely to mislead the driver of any other vehicle or any person controlling traffic on a road. |
| (8) Every direction indicator fitted to a side of a vehicle together with every direction indicator on that side of any trailer drawn by the vehicle, while so drawn, shall be operated by one and the same switch and not otherwise. |
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| Light from direction indicator |
28.—(1) The light emitted by a direction indicator shall be diffused by frosted glass or other adequate means.| (2) Every direction indicator shall, when in operation, show a light which flashes constantly at the rate of not less than 60 or more than 120 flashes per minute, each flash being of such duration as to permit the light to achieve its full brightness and to be fully observable to the eye at a reasonable distance. |
| (3) The light emitted by a direction indicator shall begin to flash not later than one second after the indicator is switched on and between each flash there shall be an interval observable to the eye. |
| (4) Where more than one type of direction indicators are fitted on a side of a motor vehicle, or a vehicle drawing a trailer or trailers in accordance with rule 26 they shall be so designed and fitted that the light emitted by such indicators flash simultaneously. |
| (5) No direction indicator may comprise 2 or more lamps so designed and fitted as to flash in sequence. |
| (6) A direction indicator may consist of more than one, but not more than 3 lamps so designed or fitted as to flash simultaneously. |
| (7) A vehicle shall be equipped with a device or devices so designed and fitted that, when the switch actuating the indicators fitted on one side of the vehicle is operated, the device or devices shall, if and so long as every indicator fitted on that side of the vehicle is in operation, give a warning readily visible or audible to the driver when in his seat. |
| (8) The electric circuit or circuits required for the operation of the direction indicators fitted on a vehicle shall be so arranged that if one or more of the direction indicators fail to operate, the other direction indicator or indicators shall not thereby become inoperative. |
| (9) The illuminated colour of every direction indicator fitted on a vehicle registered after 1st January 1975 shall be amber. |
(10) The illuminated colour of every direction indicator fitted on a vehicle, other than the one referred to in paragraph (9), shall —| (a) | if it shows both to the front and to the rear, be amber; | | (b) | if it shows only to the front, be amber or white; and | | (c) | if it shows only to the rear, be amber or red. |
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| (11) The total rated wattage of the bulb or bulbs illuminating a direction indicator, other than a side or flank indicator, shall be not less than 15 watts or not more than 36 watts. |
(12) Notwithstanding paragraph (11), the total rated wattage of the bulb or bulbs illuminating every rear direction indicator of the following vehicles shall be not less than 25 watts or not more than 36 watts:| (a) | a public service vehicle registered on or after 1st July 1980, with a carrying capacity of more than 14 persons excluding the driver; and | | (b) | a goods vehicle registered on or after 1st July 1980, with an unladen weight exceeding 1,500 kilograms. |
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(13) Notwithstanding rule 27(3) and (4), every bus may be fitted with an additional pair of direction indicators mounted —| (a) | at the rear of the vehicle; | | (b) | symmetrically with the longitudinal plane of the vehicle; and | | (c) | as near to the extreme projecting point of the vehicle and as high as possible. [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] |
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| Illuminated area of direction indicator |
29.—(1) Every direction indicator, other than a side or flank indicator fitted to a motor vehicle under rule 26(4) or (5) respectively, shall be so designed and fitted to a vehicle that both the minimum illuminated area showing to the front and the minimum illuminated area showing to the rear shall be —| (a) | not less than the area of a circle of 38 millimetres in diameter in the case of either a vehicle the unladen weight of which does not exceed 2 metric tons or a passenger vehicle adapted to carry not more than 15 persons, excluding the driver, if in either case the vehicle is registered before 1st January 1975; | | (b) | not less than the area of a circle of 76 millimetres in diameter in the case of every other vehicle registered before 1st January 1975; | | (c) | not less than 20 square centimetres in the case of a vehicle adapted to carry not more than 6 persons, excluding the driver, if the vehicle is registered on or after 1st January 1975; and | | (d) | not less than 50 square centimetres in the case of every other vehicle registered on or after 1st January 1975. |
(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), every rear direction indicator fitted to the following vehicles shall be so designed and fitted that the minimum illuminated area showing to the rear shall be not less than the area of a circle of 88 millimetres in diameter or 60 square centimetres:| (a) | a public service vehicle registered on or after 1st July 1980, and adapted to carry more than 14 persons, excluding the driver; and | | (b) | a goods vehicle registered on or after 1st July 1980, with an unladen weight exceeding 1,500 kilograms. |
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| Hazard warning signal devices |
29A.—(1) Every motor vehicle other than a land implement, a motor cycle, whether with or without a side-car attached, a tractor or a works vehicle, registered on or after 1st September 1993 shall be equipped with a hazard warning signal device.(2) Every hazard warning signal device shall meet the following requirements:| (a) | it shall be operated by a single switch; | | (b) | it shall be capable of causing every of the direction indicators of a vehicle or combination of vehicles with which it is equipped to flash in sequence; | | (c) | it shall be provided with a closed-circuit tell-tale in the form of a flashing light which may operate in conjunction with any direction indicator tell-tale; and | | (d) | it shall be capable of functioning even when the switch which controls the starting and stopping of the engine of the vehicle with which it is equipped is in a position which makes it impossible to start the engine. |
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30.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2), every two-wheeled motor cycle with or without a side-car attached shall be fitted with one stop light, and every other vehicle shall be fitted with a matched pair of stop lights.(2) Nothing in paragraph (1) shall apply to —| (a) | a land tractor, land implement and works vehicle; and | | (b) | a trailer if the stop lights of the towing vehicle are fully visible from the rear. |
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| (3) Where the vehicle is a two-wheeled motor cycle with or without a side-car attached, the stop light shall be fitted on the longitudinal axis of the motor cycle. |
| (4) Where the vehicle is other than a two-wheeled motor cycle, the stop lights shall be fitted not more than 400 millimetres from the outermost part of the illuminated surface to the outermost part of the vehicle. |
| (5) Every stop light shall show a steady red light diffused by means of frosted glass or other adequate means and visible from the rear of the vehicle, when the braking system which operates the stop light is applied. |
| (6) The total rated wattage of the filaments illuminating a stop light shall be not less than 15 watts nor more than 36 watts. |
| (7) The centre of the illuminated area of a stop light shall not be less than 0.4 metre nor more than 1.5 metres above the level of the ground when the vehicle is unladen. |
| (8) The Registrar may, subject to such terms and conditions as he may impose, approve a height of more than 1.5 metres but below 2.0 metres. |
| (9) Every stop light fitted to a motor vehicle shall be operated by the application of the brakes of a braking system of the motor vehicle which are designed to bring the motor vehicle, when in motion, to rest within a reasonable distance. |
| (10) The electric circuit or circuits required for the operation of the stop lights on a vehicle, referred to in paragraph (1) other than a two-wheeled motor cycle, shall be so arranged that if one of the stop lights fail to operate the other stop light shall not thereby become inoperative. |
(11) Where a vehicle is fitted with more than a matched pair of stop lights —| (a) | additional lights shall either be a single stop light or a matched pair of stop lights; | | (b) | it shall, in the case where a single stop light is fitted, be mounted at the centre line on the longitudinal plane of the vehicle; and | | (c) | it shall, in the case where an additional matched pair of stop lights is fitted, be mounted symmetrically with the longitudinal plane of the vehicle. |
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| (12) The additional lights referred to in paragraph (11) shall be constructed to a standard approved by the Registrar. |
| (13) No vehicle shall have more than 2 matched pairs of stop lights or one matched pair of stop lights and one single stop light. |
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| Stop lights on public service vehicle and goods vehicle |
31.—(1) Notwithstanding rule 30(6), the total rated wattage of the filaments illuminating a stop light of the following vehicles shall be not less than 25 watts or not more than 50 watts: | (a) | a public service vehicle registered on or after 1st July 1980, with a carrying capacity of more than 14 persons excluding the driver; or | | (b) | a goods vehicle registered on or after 1st July 1980, with an unladen weight exceeding 1,500 kilograms. |
| (2) Every stop light on a vehicle referred to in paragraph (1) shall be so designed and fitted that the minimum illuminated area shall be not less than the area of a circle of 88 millimetres in diameter or 60 square centimetres. |
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32.—(1) For the purposes of this rule, “reversing light” means a device fitted to a motor vehicle for the purpose of intimating the intention of the driver of the vehicle to travel backwards.(2) Every reversing light fitted on a motor vehicle shall be operated —| (a) | automatically when the reverse gear of the vehicle is engaged; or | | (b) | by a switch which also operates simultaneously a warning readily visible or audible to the driver when in his seat, if and so long as the reversing light is in operation. |
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| (3) The total rated wattage of every reversing light shall be not more than 24 watts. |
| (4) Every reversing light shall be so designed and fitted to a vehicle that the light emitted therefrom, when it is in operation, does not dazzle any person standing on the same horizontal plane as the vehicle at a distance of more than 7.5 metres from the reversing light, if his eye level is more than 1 metre above that horizontal plane. |
| (5) Every public service vehicle (other than a trishaw) and goods vehicle registered on or after 1 July 1980 but before 1 February 2018 must be fitted with a pair of reversing lights. [S 56/2018 wef 01/02/2018] |
(6) A public service vehicle (other than a trishaw), or a goods vehicle, that is registered on or after 1 February 2018 must be fitted —| (a) | if its overall length does not exceed 6 metres, with one reversing light or a pair of reversing lights; or | | (b) | in any other case, with a pair of reversing lights. |
[S 56/2018 wef 01/02/2018] |
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| Type of engine for motor cars registered on or after 1 January 2025, etc. |
32A.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2), every motor car to be registered or re-registered on or after 1 January 2025 must not be fitted with an internal combustion engine that uses diesel, or uses both diesel and natural gas, as its source or sources of power.(2) Paragraph (1) does not apply to any motor car that is registered or re-registered as —| (a) | a classic vehicle; | | (b) | a normal vintage vehicle; | | (c) | a restricted vintage vehicle; or | | (d) | a revised use vintage vehicle. |
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| (3) In this rule, “classic vehicle”, “normal vintage vehicle”, “restricted vintage vehicle” and “revised use vintage vehicle” have the meanings given by rule 2(1) of the Road Traffic (Motor Vehicles, Registration and Licensing) Rules (R 5). |
[S 1039/2024 wef 01/01/2025] |
33.—(1) Every vehicle propelled by an internal combustion engine shall be fitted with a silencer, expansion chamber or other contrivance suitable and sufficient for reducing as far as may be reasonable the noise caused by the escape of the exhaust gases from the engine. | (2) With effect from 1st July 1981, the exhaust pipe of every vehicle shall end in a straight section of at least 100 millimetres in length and the outlet of the exhaust pipe shall be on the off-side or at the rear of the vehicle. |
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| Emission of smoke or vapour |
| 34. Every motor vehicle shall be so constructed that no avoidable smoke or visible vapour is emitted therefrom. |
| Standards for exhaust emission for petrol driven motor vehicles |
| 35.—(1) Every petrol driven motor vehicle (other than a motor cycle or scooter) to be registered for the first time in Singapore on or after 31st January 2008 shall conform to the relevant standard for exhaust emission prescribed by the Environmental Protection and Management (Vehicular Emissions) Regulations (Cap. 94A, Rg 6). [S 195/2014 wef 19/03/2014] | (2) The Registrar shall not approve an application made on or after 31st January 2008 for the first registration in Singapore of a petrol driven motor vehicle (other than a motor cycle or scooter) unless he is satisfied that the vehicle conforms to the relevant standard for exhaust emission prescribed by the Environmental Protection and Management (Vehicular Emissions) Regulations for that vehicle. [S 195/2014 wef 19/03/2014] |
| (3) The Registrar may, in his discretion, exempt any petrol driven motor vehicle from this rule. |
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| Standards for noise emission |
| 36.—(1) Every motor vehicle to be registered for the first time in Singapore on or after 31st January 2008 shall conform to the relevant standard for noise emission prescribed by the Environmental Protection and Management (Vehicular Emissions) Regulations (Cap. 94A, Rg 6). [S 195/2014 wef 19/03/2014] | (2) This rule shall also apply to every secondhand motor vehicle registered for the first time in Singapore on or after 31st January 2008. [S 195/2014 wef 19/03/2014] |
| (3) For the purpose of paragraph (2), a motor vehicle that has been used in any country or place outside Singapore prior to its registration for the first time in Singapore shall be regarded as a secondhand vehicle. |
| (4) The Registrar may, in his discretion, exempt any motor vehicle from this rule. |
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| Standards for exhaust emission for diesel driven motor vehicles |
| 37.—(1) Every diesel driven motor vehicle to be registered for the first time in Singapore on or after 31st January 2008 shall conform to the relevant standard for exhaust emission prescribed by the Environmental Protection and Management (Vehicular Emissions) Regulations (Cap. 94A, Rg 6). [S 195/2014 wef 19/03/2014] | (2) The Registrar shall not approve an application made on or after 31st January 2008 for the first registration in Singapore of a diesel driven motor vehicle unless he is satisfied that the vehicle conforms to the relevant standard for exhaust emission prescribed by the Environmental Protection and Management (Vehicular Emissions) Regulations for that vehicle. [S 195/2014 wef 19/03/2014] |
| (3) The Registrar may, in his discretion, exempt any diesel driven motor vehicle from this rule. |
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| Standards for exhaust emission for in-use vehicles |
| 38. Every motor vehicle that is in use (whether first registered in Singapore before, on or after 31st January 2008) shall conform to the relevant standard for exhaust emission prescribed by the Environmental Protection and Management (Vehicular Emissions) Regulations (Cap. 94A, Rg 6) for in-use vehicles. [S 195/2014 wef 19/03/2014] |
39.—(1) All petrol driven motor vehicles to be registered for the first time in Singapore on or after 1st July 1991 shall be capable of running on unleaded petrol.| (2) The Registrar may, in his discretion, exempt any petrol driven motor vehicle from this rule. |
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| Standards for exhaust emission for motor cycle and scooter |
| 40.—(1) Every motor cycle and scooter to be registered for the first time in Singapore on or after 31st January 2008 shall conform to the relevant standard for exhaust emission prescribed by the Environmental Protection and Management (Vehicular Emissions) Regulations (Cap. 94A, Rg 6). [S 195/2014 wef 19/03/2014] | (2) The Registrar shall not approve an application made on or after 31st January 2008 for the first registration in Singapore of a motor cycle or scooter unless he is satisfied that the motor cycle or scooter conforms to the relevant standard for exhaust emission prescribed by the Environmental Protection and Management (Vehicular Emissions) Regulations for that motor cycle or scooter. [S 195/2014 wef 19/03/2014] |
| (3) The Registrar may, in his discretion, exempt any motor cycle or scooter from this rule. |
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| 41. Every motor vehicle, other than a motor cycle, powered by a 4-stroke petrol engine, registered on or after 1st March 1972, shall be so constructed or equipped with such device as to prevent the escape of gas from the crankcase of such motor vehicle. |
| Fuel container of vehicle |
42.—(1) Every fuel container shall —| (a) | be securely attached to the vehicle in such manner as not to be liable to displacement or damage due to vibration or other cause; | | (b) | be so placed or insulated as not to be adversely affected by the heat from the exhaust system; and | | (c) | be provided with a filler cap or cover or lid so designed and constructed that it can be securely fitted in position to prevent the spilling of fuel contained therein while the vehicle is travelling on a road. |
(2) Any vent hole of the fuel container shall —| (a) | be so protected as not to enable the fuel in the container to catch fire; and | | (b) | be so designed as to prevent fuel from being splashed over. |
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| Filler pipe and fuel tank opening |
42A.—(1) All petrol driven motor vehicles to be registered for the first time in Singapore on or after 1st July 1992 shall be fitted with filler pipe and fuel tank opening of 21.3 millimetres diameters as stipulated in the Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. (SAE) Recommended Practice 1140.| (2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to motor cycles and scooters. |
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| Closets, urinals, lavatory basins and sinks |
43. No motor vehicle or trailer shall be equipped with any closet, urinal, lavatory basin or sink, unless the following requirements are complied with:| (a) | no vehicle shall be equipped with a closet or urinal the contents of which can be discharged directly on to a road and every closet pan or urinal pan shall empty into a tank carried by the vehicle such tank —| (i) | being efficiently ventilated by means of a pipe, the outlet of which is outside the vehicle; and | | (ii) | shall contain non-inflammable and non-irritant chemicals of such character and in such quantity as to form at all times an efficient deodorant and germicide in respect of the contents of the tank; and |
| | (b) | no lavatory basin or sink shall drain into any closet or urinal or into a tank into which a closet or urinal empties. |
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44.—(1) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), the overhang of a motor vehicle shall not exceed 60% of the distance between the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle which passes through the centre or centres of the front wheel or wheels and the foremost vertical plane from which the overhang is to be measured as defined in rule 2.| (2) The Registrar may permit the overhang of a public service vehicle to be more than 60% but less than 65% of the distance referred to in paragraph (1). |
| (3) The overhang of a motor tractor shall not be more than 1.8 metres. |
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| 44A. No part of a vehicle included within the overall width thereof shall project laterally more than 150 millimetres beyond the outer face of the outer tyre on the rearmost wheel on the same side of the vehicle. [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] |
45.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2), every wheel of a motor vehicle or trailer when the trailer is being drawn on a road shall be equipped with a pneumatic tyre of a suitable size or design.(2) In the case of any of the following vehicles every wheel thereof shall be fitted with a pneumatic tyre, or a tyre of soft or elastic material of a suitable size and design:| (a) | motor tractors, light locomotives and heavy locomotives; | | (b) | motor vehicles or trailers designed for use solely in connection with street cleansing, or the collection or disposal of refuse or of the contents of drains, gullies, latrines or cess-pools; [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] | | (c) | special purpose vehicles for fire fighting or rescue purposes; and [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] | | (d) | [Deleted by S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] | | (e) | motor cars each not exceeding 1.5 metric tons in weight unladen. [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] |
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46.—(1) Subject to paragraph (3), every motor vehicle or trailer when the trailer is being drawn on a road shall be equipped with wings or other similar fittings to catch, so far as practicable, mud and water thrown up by the rotation of the wheels unless adequate protection is afforded by the body of the vehicle.| (2) A wing or any other similar fitting with which a vehicle, other than a motor cycle, is equipped under paragraph (1) shall cover at least the upper half of a wheel or a mud flap shall be fitted to the wing or fitting to reach down over the wheel to a point at the same level as or below the centre of the wheel. [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] |
(3) Nothing in paragraph (1) shall apply to a —| (a) | motor tractor; | | (b) | trailer used in connection with the construction, maintenance or repair of roads; [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] | | (c) | [Deleted by S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] | | (d) | watercart; | | (e) | [Deleted by S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] | | (f) | trailer drawn by a vehicle the maximum speed of which is restricted under any written law to 30 kilometres per hour or less. |
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| (4) The Registrar may, by notice in writing to the owner of a motor vehicle, exempt the vehicle from the application of this rule. [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] |
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47.—(1) Every goods vehicle and every trailer shall be fitted at the rear of the vehicle with 2 red reflectors each of at least 40 millimetres in diameter.| (1A) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), every goods vehicle and every trailer registered on or after 15th February 2006 shall be fitted at the rear of the vehicle or the trailer, as the case may be, with 2 red reflectors, each having a light emitting surface of at least 25 square centimetres. [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] |
| (2) One of the reflectors shall be fitted on the off-side of the vehicle and the other one the near-side. |
| (3) The reflectors shall be so fitted as to reflect the light from the front lamps of an overtaking vehicle. |
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48.—(1) Every vehicle, including all bodywork, upholstery, fittings and accessories shall —| (a) | be soundly and properly constructed of suitable materials; | | (b) | be well finished and in good and serviceable condition; and | | (c) | be of such design that it is capable of withstanding the loads and stress likely to be met with in the normal operation of the vehicle. |
| (2) The Registrar may require an owner of a vehicle to furnish such evidence that the vehicle complies with this rule. |
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| Rear underrun protective device |
48A.—(1) Every motor vehicle to which this rule applies shall be equipped with a rear underrun protective device which complies with the specifications set out in Directive No. 79/490/EEC of the Council of the European Communities or with such other specifications as the Registrar may approve from time to time.| (2) No person shall at any time use a motor vehicle to which this rule applies unless the rear underrun protective device with which the vehicle is equipped is free from any obvious defect which is likely to affect adversely the ability of such a device to give resistance in the event of an impact from the rear. |
(3) This rule shall apply —| (a) | to every motor vehicle with a maximum laden weight of 8,000 kilograms or more or trailer registered on or after 1st September 1993; | | (b) | to every motor vehicle with a maximum laden weight exceeding 3,500 kilograms registered on or after 1st September 1994; | | (c) | on or after 1st March 1995, to every motor vehicle with a maximum laden weight of 8,000 kilograms or more or trailer registered on or after 1st January 1984; and | | (d) | on or after 1st September 1995, to every motor vehicle with a maximum laden weight of 8,000 kilograms or more or trailer registered before 1st January 1984, |
| except any such vehicle which is — |
| (i) | a prime mover; | | (ii) | a road roller; | | (iii) | a dumper; | | (iv) | a road paver; | | (v) | a scraper; | | (vi) | an agricultural tractor; | | (vii) | a forklift; | | (viii) | a grader; | | (ix) | a wheeled or tracked loader; | | (x) | a wheeled or tracked dozer; | | (xi) | a wheeled or tracked excavator; | | (xii) | a recovery vehicle; or | | (xiii) | a vehicle which the Registrar is satisfied cannot, by virtue of its construction or use, be equipped with a rear underrun protective device, including but not limited to, a vehicle which is so constructed that it can be unloaded only if part of the vehicle is tipped rearwards. |
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| (4) The Registrar may, in his discretion, exempt any motor vehicle referred to in paragraph (3) from the requirements of paragraphs (1) and (2). |
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48B.—(1) Every motor vehicle to which this rule applies shall be fitted with a sideguard which shall comply with the specifications set out in Directive No. 89/297/EEC of the Council of the European Communities or with such other specifications as the Registrar may approve from time to time.| (2) No person shall at any time use a motor vehicle to which this rule applies unless the sideguard with which the vehicle is fitted is free from any obvious defect which is likely to affect adversely its effectiveness. |
(3) This rule shall apply —| (a) | to every motor vehicle with a maximum laden weight of 8,000 kilograms or more or trailer registered on or after 1st September 1993; | | (b) | to every motor vehicle with a maximum laden weight exceeding 3,500 kilograms registered on or after 1st September 1994; | | (c) | on or after 1st March 1995, to every motor vehicle with a maximum laden weight of 8,000 kilograms or more or trailer registered on or after 1st January 1984; and | | (d) | on or after 1st September 1995, to every motor vehicle with a maximum laden weight of 8,000 kilograms or more or trailer registered before 1st January 1984, |
| except any such vehicle which is — |
| (i) | a prime mover; | | (ii) | a road roller; | | (iii) | a dumper; | | (iv) | a road paver; | | (v) | a scraper; | | (vi) | an agricultural tractor; | | (vii) | a forklift; | | (viii) | a grader; | | (ix) | a wheeled or tracked loader; | | (x) | a wheeled or tracked dozer; | | (xi) | a wheeled or tracked excavator; | | (xii) | a recovery vehicle; | | (xiii) | a bus with low body, the lower edge of which is not more than 550 millimetres above the ground; or | | (xiv) | a vehicle which is designed and constructed for special purposes and which the Registrar is satisfied cannot, for practical reasons, be fitted with sideguards. |
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| (4) The Registrar may, in his discretion, exempt any motor vehicle referred to in paragraph (3) from the requirements of paragraphs (1) and (2). |
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| Electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles |
48C.—(1) All electrical apparatus and circuits in an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle registered on or after 1 April 2020 must be constructed and installed in compliance with —| (a) | in a case where the electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle is a motor cycle — | (i) | the requirements in any version of UN Regulation 136 that is in force on or before the day the electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle is manufactured; | | (ii) | the requirements in EU Regulation 168/2013; or | | (iii) | the requirements in EU Regulation 168/2013 as supplemented by the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No. 3/2014 of 24 October 2013 as amended by the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/1824 of 14 July 2016; or |
| | (b) | in any other case — the requirements in any version of UN Regulation 100 that is in force on or before the day the electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle is manufactured. |
[S 207/2020 wef 01/04/2020] | (2) No electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle shall be converted to a conventional vehicle. |
| (3) No electric vehicle shall be converted to a hybrid vehicle. |
(4) Upon the application by the owner of a conventional vehicle or a hybrid vehicle in the form determined by the Registrar, the Registrar may, in his discretion and upon such conditions as he may specify, allow —| (a) | the conventional vehicle to be converted into an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle; or | | (b) | the hybrid vehicle to be converted into an electric vehicle. [S 7/2001 wef 03/01/2001] |
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| Steering mechanism of goods vehicle |
| 49. Every goods vehicle registered on or after 1st July 1980, with a maximum laden weight exceeding 16 metric tons, shall be equipped with a power operated steering mechanism. |
| Goods vehicle fitted with permanent overhead structure |
50.—(1) Unless the Registrar permits otherwise, every goods vehicle which has an open deck for the carriage of goods and is to be used to carry any person on the floor of the vehicle shall be fitted with an overhead structure to provide adequate shelter for the persons seated on the floor of the vehicle —| (a) | with effect from 1st January 2010 where the vehicle is registered on or after 1st January 2010; | | (b) | with effect from 1st February 2011 where the vehicle has a maximum laden weight not exceeding 3,500 kilogrammes and is registered before 1st January 2010; or [S 664/2010 wef 04/11/2010] | | (c) | with effect from 1st August 2011 where the vehicle has a maximum laden weight exceeding 3,500 kilogrammes and is registered before 1st January 2010. [S 664/2010 wef 04/11/2010] |
(2) The overhead structure referred to in paragraph (1) shall —| (a) | be constructed of metal or other suitable materials of such size, as the Registrar or an authorised officer may approve; and [S 1044/2022 wef 01/01/2023] | | (b) | be securely and rigidly attached to the vehicle. |
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| (3) The Registrar or an authorised officer may refuse to approve any overhead structure fitted on a vehicle under paragraph (1) if the design, construction, strength or rigidity of the overhead structure is, in the view of the Registrar or the authorised officer, as the case may be, inadequate for safety. [S 401/2009 wef 01/09/2009] [S 1044/2022 wef 01/01/2023] |
(4) Unless the Registrar permits otherwise, every goods vehicle which has an open deck for the carriage of goods and is to be used to carry any person on the floor of the vehicle must be fitted with rain covers in accordance with the requirements under paragraph (5) —| (a) | with effect from the date of registration in respect of every vehicle registered on or after 1 January 2023; | | (b) | with effect from 1 July 2023 in respect of a vehicle that has a maximum laden weight not exceeding 3,500 kilogrammes and is registered before 1 January 2023; or | | (c) | with effect from 1 January 2024 in respect of a vehicle that has a maximum laden weight exceeding 3,500 kilogrammes and is registered before 1 January 2023. |
[S 1044/2022 wef 01/01/2023] |
(5) The following requirements apply for the purposes of paragraph (4):| (a) | the rain covers must be able to cover all open vertical sides of the goods vehicle to provide adequate shelter during inclement weather for the persons seated on the floor of the vehicle; | | (b) | the rain covers must be fabricated from water-resistant materials as the Registrar or an authorised officer may require; | | (c) | the rain covers must be securely attached to the vehicle’s overhead structure; | | (d) | at least one of the rain covers must be transparent such that when all the rain covers are in use, at least one whole vertical side of the vehicle is transparent. |
[S 1044/2022 wef 01/01/2023] |
(6) In this rule —“open vertical side”, in relation to a goods vehicle, means any vertical side of the vehicle that is not covered by —| (a) | permanent fixed siding made of waterproof material, as may be approved by the Registrar or an authorised officer; or | | (b) | a rear power tailgate, which reaches at least half the vertical distance from the floor of the vehicle to the overhead structure; |
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| “vertical side of the vehicle” means the area between the outer edge of the overhead structure of the goods vehicle and the floor of the vehicle. |
[S 1044/2022 wef 01/01/2023] |
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51.—(1) Every vehicle to which this rule applies shall —| (a) | in the case of a goods vehicle referred to in paragraph (4)(a) and (b), be fitted with protective railings along the whole length of the side-boards on both sides of the vehicle up to a height of not less than 550 millimetres from the floor of the vehicle and not less than 150 millimetres from the top of the side-boards; and | | (b) | in the case of a goods vehicle referred to in paragraph (4)(c), (d) and (e), be fitted with protective railings along the whole length of the side-boards on both sides of the vehicle up to a height of not less than 700 millimetres from the floor of the vehicle and not less than 300 millimetres from the top of the side-boards. [S 401/2009 wef 01/09/2009] [S 664/2010 wef 04/11/2010] |
(2) The protective railings referred to in paragraph (1) shall —| (a) | be constructed of metal or timber of such size, as the Registrar or an authorised officer may approve; and [S 1044/2022 wef 01/01/2023] | | (b) | be securely and rigidly attached to the side-boards or to the vertical supports of the overhead structure referred to in rule 50. [S 664/2010 wef 04/11/2010] |
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| (3) The Registrar or an authorised officer may refuse to approve any protective railing fitted on a vehicle under paragraph (1) if the design, construction, strength or rigidity of the protective railings are, in his view, inadequate for safety. [S 1044/2022 wef 01/01/2023] |
(4) This rule shall apply to —| (a) | any goods vehicle which has an open deck for the carriage of goods and a maximum laden weight of not more than 3,000 kilogrammes and which is registered using a certificate of entitlement before 1st April 1998; | | (b) | any goods vehicle which has an open deck for the carriage of goods and a maximum laden weight of not more than 3,500 kilogrammes and which is registered using a certificate of entitlement on or after 1st April 1998; | | (c) | any goods vehicle, which has an open deck for the carriage of goods, registered on or after 1st January 2010 and is to be used to carry any person on the floor of the vehicle; [S 401/2009 wef 01/09/2009] [S 664/2010 wef 04/11/2010] | | (d) | any goods vehicles which —| (i) | has an open deck for the carriage of goods; | | (ii) | has a maximum laden weight not exceeding 3,500 kilogrammes; | | (iii) | is registered before 1st January 2010; and | | (iv) | is to be used to carry any person on the floor of the vehicle on or after 1st February 2011; or [S 664/2010 wef 04/11/2010] |
| | (e) | any goods vehicles which —| (i) | has an open deck for the carriage of goods; | | (ii) | has a maximum laden weight exceeding 3,500 kilogrammes; | | (iii) | is registered before 1st January 2010; and | | (iv) | is to be used to carry any person on the floor of the vehicle on or after 1st August 2011. [S 664/2010 wef 04/11/2010] |
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52.—(1) Except as provided in this rule, the overall length of a trailer not forming part of an articulated vehicle shall not exceed 4.6 metres.(2) This rule shall not apply to —| (a) | a trailer constructed and normally used for the conveyance of indivisible loads of exceptional length; and | | (b) | a broken-down vehicle which is being drawn by a motor vehicle in consequence of the break down. |
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| (3) The Registrar may, subject to such terms and conditions as he may impose, permit the use of a trailer, the overall length of which is more than 4.6 metres but less than 6.7 metres. |
| (4) For the purposes of this rule, the overall length of a trailer shall be treated as excluding any part of the trailer designed primarily for use as a means of attaching the trailer to another vehicle and any fitting designed for use in connection with any such part. |
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53.—(1) Except as provided in this rule, every trailer which exceeds 100 kilograms in weight unladen shall be equipped with an efficient braking system the brakes of which are capable of being applied when it is being drawn to at least half the number of the wheels of the trailer, and so constructed that —| (a) | the brakes can be applied by the driver of the drawing vehicle, using the means of operation of or applying the brakes of the drawing vehicle; and | | (b) | the brakes are capable of being set so as effectively to prevent 2 at least of the wheels from revolving when the trailer, whether it is attached to the drawing vehicle or not, is not being drawn. |
| (2) Nothing in paragraph (1)(a) shall apply to a trailer which does not exceed one metric ton in weight unladen or which is not constructed or adapted to carry any load other than its necessary gear and equipment and does not exceed 2 metric tons in weight laden, if in either case the brakes of the trailer automatically come into operation on the overrun of the trailer. |
| (3) Nothing in paragraph (1) shall apply to a broken-down vehicle which is being drawn by a motor vehicle in consequence of the break down. |
| (4) The braking system of every trailer equipped therewith shall be so constructed that it is not rendered ineffective by the non-rotation of the engine of the drawing vehicle. |
|
| Provision of mechanism for securing container to trailer |
| 54. Every trailer designed and constructed for the carriage of one or more containers and provided with any mechanism for the fitting of twist-locks thereto shall have, for the purpose of securing the container or containers to the trailer, an adequate number of twist-locks fitted thereto. |
|
| C — PUBLIC SERVICE VEHICLES CONSTRUCTION |
55. In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires —| “back rest” includes any part of a vehicle which is available for passengers to lean against; |
| “emergency exit” means an exit which is provided for use in case of an emergency; |
| “entrance” means any aperture or space provided to enable passengers to board a vehicle; |
| “exit” means any aperture or space provided to enable passengers to leave a vehicle; |
| “permanent top” means any covering of a vehicle other than a hood made of canvas or other flexible material which is capable of being readily folded back so that no portion of such hood or any fixed structure of the roof remains vertically above any part of any seat of the vehicle, or, in the case of a double-decked vehicle, of any seat on the upper deck of the vehicle; |
| “vehicle” means a public service vehicle. |
|
| 56.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2), no vehicle shall exceed 4.0 metres in height. [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] | (2) The Registrar may, subject to such terms and conditions as he may impose, permit the use of a double-decked vehicle which is more than 4.0 metres but less than 4.5 metres in height. [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] |
|
57.—(1) The stability of a vehicle shall be such that —| (a) | in the case of a double-decked vehicle, the point at which overturning occurs would not be passed if, when the vehicle is complete, fully equipped for service and loaded with weights placed in the correct relative positions to represent the driver, a full complement of passengers on the upper deck only and a conductor (if carried), the surface on which the vehicle stands were tilted to either side to an angle of 28º from the horizontal; and | | (b) | in the case of a single-decked vehicle, the point at which overturning occurs would not be passed if, when the vehicle is complete, fully equipped for service and loaded with weights placed in the correct relative positions to represent a driver, a full complement of passengers and a conductor (if carried), the surface on which the vehicle stands were tilted to either side to an angle of 35º from the horizontal. |
| (2) For the purpose of ascertaining whether the requirements of paragraph (1) have been complied with, the height of any stop used to prevent a wheel of the vehicle from slipping sideways shall not be greater than two-thirds of the distance between the surface upon which the vehicle stands before it is tilted and that part of the rim of that wheel which is then nearest to the surface when the vehicle is loaded in accordance with those requirements. |
| (3) For the purposes of this rule, 60 kilogrammes shall be deemed to represent the weight of one person. |
|
58.—(1) Every vehicle shall be fitted with an efficient suspension system so designed and constructed that there is no excessive body sway.| (2) For the purposes of this rule, a tyre shall not be regarded as forming part of the suspension system. |
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59.—(1) Every omnibus registered on or after 1st January 1990 shall be fitted with a chassis that is suitably designed and constructed for the carriage of passengers.| (2) Every private bus, excursion bus, private hire bus or school bus registered on or after 1st October 1996 shall be fitted with a chassis that is suitably designed and constructed for the carriage of passengers. |
| (3) The Registrar may require the manufacturer or importer of an omnibus to furnish such evidence that the omnibus complies with this rule. |
|
60.—(1) Every vehicle shall be so constructed as to be capable of turning in either direction in a circle which does not exceed in diameter 19 metres.| (2) The Registrar may, subject to such terms and conditions as he may impose, permit the use of a vehicle so constructed as to be capable of turning in either direction in a circle which exceeds in diameter 19 metres but not 22 metres. |
| (3) For the purposes of this rule, a circle referred to in paragraph (1) or (2) shall be traced at ground level by the extreme outer edges of the wheel track. |
|
61.—(1) If any 2 wheels on either side of a vehicle have a clear space of more than 600 millimetres between the nearest points, that space shall be effectively guarded to within 230 millimetres of the front wheel and 150 millimetres of the rear wheel and to within 250 millimetres of the ground when the vehicle is carrying no passenger and is standing on level ground.| (2) Any guard rail fitted in compliance with this rule shall be so constructed and fitted that, when necessary, by raising the rail or otherwise, access can easily be obtained to any part of the space underneath the vehicle. |
|
| 62. [Deleted by S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] |
63.—(1) The brakes of one of the braking systems with which a vehicle is required to be fitted under these Rules shall be applied by pedal.| (2) Every public service vehicle registered on or after 1st July 1980 shall be equipped with a split braking system. |
|
64.—(1) The steering mechanism of a vehicle shall be so constructed or arranged that no overlock shall be possible and that the wheels shall not in any circumstances foul any part of the vehicle.| (2) The ball and socket joints, other than spring-loaded self-adjusting spherical joints, of every steering connection of a vehicle shall not be pendant. |
| (3) Dust-excluding covers fitted to any joint or connection of the steering mechanism shall be capable of being easily removed to facilitate inspection. |
| (4) Every public service vehicle registered on or after 1st July 1980 with a carrying capacity of at least 50 persons shall be equipped with a power-operated steering mechanism. |
| (5) Paragraph (4) shall not apply to a public service vehicle which has been registered outside Singapore. |
|
| Brake and steering connections |
65.—(1) Where the brake and steering connections of a vehicle are secured with bolts or pins, the bolts or pins shall be threaded and effectively locked.| (2) All connections made with bolts or pins under paragraph (1) shall be such that when they are in any position other than horizontal, the heads of the bolts or pins shall be uppermost. |
|
| 66. Every wheel of a vehicle shall be fitted with a pneumatic tyre of a suitable size and design. |
67.—(1) The wheels of every vehicle which is a taxi shall be fitted with pneumatic tyres which shall be —| (a) | of such dimension as may be approved by the Registrar; and | | (b) | inflated to such pressure as the Registrar may specify. |
| (2) The size and pressure of the tyres for any taxi shall be displayed on the dashboard of the taxi. |
|
| Taxi to have illuminated signs |
68. Every vehicle which is a taxi shall be fitted on its roof with a sign of a size, colour and design approved by the Registrar, which shall —| (a) | at all times during the hours of darkness be illuminated when the taxi is available for hire; and | | (b) | be clearly visible from a distance of not less than 20 metres from the front and rear of the taxi. |
|
| 69. No portion of any wheel or any fitting thereof shall project more than 90 millimetres beyond the extreme outer face of the tyre with which the wheel is fitted when such tyre is fully inflated. |
| Fuel containers, carburettors, etc. |
70.—(1) No fuel container of a vehicle shall be placed under any part of a gangway if that part of the gangway is within 600 millimetres of any entrance or exit of a single-decked vehicle or the lower deck of a double-decked vehicle.| (2) All fuel containers and all apparatus supplying fuel to the engine shall be so placed or shielded that no fuel overflowing or leaking therefrom can fall or accumulate upon any woodwork forming part of the vehicle or upon any other part of the vehicle or fitting thereto such that it might readily be ignited or that it can fall into any receptacle where it might accumulate. |
| (3) The filling points for all fuel containers shall be accessible only from the outside of the vehicle and filler caps shall be so designed and constructed that they cannot be dislodged by accidental operation. |
|
71.—(1) The exhaust pipe of a vehicle shall be so fitted or shielded —| (a) | that no inflammable material can fall or be thrown upon the pipe from any other part of the vehicle; and | | (b) | that it is not likely to cause a fire through proximity to any inflammable material on the vehicle. |
| (2) The outlet of the exhaust pipe shall be either at the rear or on the off-side and far enough to the rear to prevent, so far as practicable, fumes from entering the vehicle. |
|
| 72. All electrical apparatus and circuits in a vehicle shall be so constructed and installed as to guard adequately against the risk of electric shock or the outbreak of fire. |
73. All moving parts of a vehicle and all parts subject to severe vibration which are connected by bolts or studs and nuts shall be fastened by —| (a) | lock nuts; | | (b) | nuts and efficient spring; | | (c) | lock nut washers; | | (d) | castellated nuts and split pins; or | | (e) | some other efficient device, |
| to prevent their working or coming loose. |
|
74.—(1) The body of a vehicle shall be securely fixed to the chassis.| (2) Every trap door in the floor of the vehicle shall be strong and so fitted or fastened that it cannot become dislodged by vibration. |
| (3) No lifting device fitted to the trap door shall project above the level of the floor. |
|
| Steps, platforms and stairs |
75.—(1) The top of the tread of the lowest step provided at any entrance or exit (other than an emergency exit) of a vehicle shall not —| (a) | in the case of an omnibus which is registered on or after 15th February 2006, be more than 320 millimetres above the ground when the omnibus is empty; and | | (b) | in the case of any other vehicle, be more than 430 millimetres or less than 250 millimetres above the ground when the vehicle is empty, |
| and all steps of the vehicle shall be fitted with non-slip treads. |
[S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] | (2) Every fixed step of a vehicle shall not project laterally beyond the body of the vehicle unless it is so protected by the front wings of the vehicle or otherwise is such that it is not liable to injure any pedestrian. |
| (3) The tread of each fixed step referred to in paragraph (2) shall be at least 230 millimetres wide and the riser of such fixed step shall be not more than 230 millimetres high. |
| (3A) Notwithstanding paragraph (3), the Registrar may permit the tread of each fixed step referred to in paragraph (2) to be less than 230 millimetres wide if he is satisfied that by virtue of its construction and for practical reasons, it cannot be built to be at least 230 millimetres wide. [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] |
(4) Without prejudice to paragraphs (1), (2) and (3), the following conditions shall also apply in the case of a double-decked vehicle:| (a) | the risers of all steps leading from the lower to the upper deck shall be closed, and no unguarded aperture shall be left at the top landing board; | | (b) | all steps leading from the lower to the upper deck shall be fitted with non-slip treads; | | (c) | the horizontal distance from the nearest point of the riser of the top step to the vertical line passing through the nearest point of the seat opposite to the top tread of the staircase, excluding any grab rail which does not project more than 80 millimetres from the back of the seat, shall be at least 660 millimetres; and | | (d) | the outer stringer of an outside staircase shall be so constructed, or a band shall be so placed, sufficient to act as a screen to persons ascending or descending, and the height of the outer guard rail shall be at least one metre above the front of the tread of each step. |
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| Number and positions of entrances and exits |
76.—(1) Every vehicle must be provided with at least —| (a) | one exit (which may also be an entrance) situated on the near-side of the vehicle; and | | (b) | one emergency exit situated on the off-side or at the rear of the vehicle. |
[S 661/2020 wef 01/08/2020] | (2) Where, in the case of a double-decked vehicle, access to the upper deck is obtained by means of an enclosed staircase, an emergency exit with or without a staircase shall be provided on that deck and placed otherwise than on the near-side of the vehicle. |
| (3) Every entrance of a vehicle shall be on the near-side. |
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| Width of entrances and exits |
77.—(1) Other than an emergency exit, every entrance and exit of a vehicle registered —| (a) | [Deleted by S 467/2019 wef 01/07/2019] | | (b) | on or after 1st January 1975 shall be at least 600 millimetres; | | (c) | on or after 1st January 1990 shall be at least 900 millimetres for single-decked vehicle and 1200 millimetres for double-decked vehicle and the width of the exit shall be at least 600 millimetres; [S 467/2019 wef 01/07/2019] | | (d) | on or after 15 February 2006 but before 1 July 2019 as an omnibus shall be at least 1,200 millimetres and shall be fitted with a centre stanchion bar in such manner as the Registrar may specify; and [S 467/2019 wef 01/07/2019] | | (e) | on or after 1 July 2019 as an omnibus shall be at least 1,200 millimetres. [S 467/2019 wef 01/07/2019] |
[S 661/2020 wef 01/08/2020] (2) The size of the emergency exit of a vehicle, other than an emergency exit referred to in paragraph (2A), shall be as follows:| (a) | in the case of a door, not less than 1.25 metres in height and 0.55 metres in width; | | (b) | in the case of a window situated at the side, an aperture area of not less than 0.4 square metres with a height of not less than 0.5 metres and a width of not less than 0.7 metres; and | | (c) | in the case of a window situated at the rear, an aperture area of not less than 0.4 square metres —| (i) | with a height of not less than 0.5 metres and a width of not less than 0.7 metres; or | | (ii) | with a height of not less than 0.35 metres and a width of not less than 1.55 metres. [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] |
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(2A) The size of an emergency exit from the upper deck of a double-decked vehicle shall be as follows:| (a) | in the case of a window situated in the rear of the vehicle, that window shall not be less than 1.52 metres by 0.46 metres; or | | (b) | in the case of a window situated on each side of the vehicle, the window shall have an aperture area of not less than 0.4 square metres with a height of not less than 0.5 metres and a width of not less than 0.7 metres. [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] |
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(2B) Where a vehicle is fitted with a window intended for use as an emergency exit —| (a) | that window shall be made of readily breakable safety glass; and | | (b) | that vehicle shall be equipped with a hammer or other similar device (located in a conspicuous and readily accessible position of the vehicle) with which the glass may be broken in case of an emergency. [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] |
|
| (3) Where the same entrance is used for both the upper and lower deck of a double-decked vehicle no part of the entrance, excluding any stanchion, measured along the near-side of the vehicle shall be less than 900 millimetres in width. |
| (4) Where a vehicle has a seating capacity for not more than 7 persons, excluding the driver, no part of a doorway above the seat level of the vehicle shall be less than 530 millimetres in width. [S 431/2001 wef 10/09/2001] |
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78.—(1) Every entrance and exit door of a vehicle shall capable of being readily opened from inside and outside the vehicle by one operation of the locking mechanism of the entrance and exit door.| (2) For the purposes of securing the vehicle when unattended, a supplementary lock, with or without a detachable actuating mechanism, may be fitted to an entrance or exit door if such lock is so designed and constructed that the door can at all times be opened by a person inside the vehicle by one operation of the ordinary locking mechanism. |
| (3) In a vehicle, all door handles or levers to door catches shall be so designed and fitted that they are not likely to become dislodged or be operated accidentally. |
| (4) Where any entrance is provided with a door which is designed to remain open when the vehicle is in motion, suitable fastenings shall be provided to hold such door securely open. |
| (5) A grab handle shall be fitted on a vehicle to each entrance or exit other than an emergency exit to assist passengers in boarding or alighting from the vehicle. |
| (6) All doors of a vehicle shall be so designed as to be readily opened, if necessary, from both inside and outside the vehicle. |
| (7) Every door of a vehicle shall operate so as not to obstruct clear access to any entrance or exit from outside or inside the vehicle. |
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| Doors to be fitted with sound producing device |
79.—(1) Every door, except any door provided solely for use during an emergency or for the driver, of a vehicle registered as a school bus under the Road Traffic (Public Service Vehicles) Rules (R 14), shall be fitted with a device for producing a sound when the door is not fully closed.| (2) The device shall be fitted to a school bus near the driver’s seat and within the interior of the school bus so that any sound produced by the device is mainly confined within the school bus. |
| (3) The sound emitted by the device connected to the door of a school bus shall be sufficiently loud to warn the driver and any passenger of the school bus that the door is not fully closed, but shall not be unduly harsh, shrill, loud or alarming. |
| (4) The owner and the driver of a school bus shall ensure that the device connected to its door is in proper working condition at all times. |
| (5) Any person who modifies or tampers with the working of the device connected to the door of a school bus in a manner that is likely to prevent the device from producing a sound when the door is not fully closed shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $200. |
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| Doors to be equipped with warning light |
79A.—(1) This rule shall apply to —| (a) | every vehicle licensed as a school bus under the Road Traffic (Public Service Vehicles) Rules (R 14) —| (i) | with effect from 1st July 2005, where the school bus is so licensed before 4th January 2005; and | | (ii) | with effect from 4th January 2005, where the school bus is so licensed on or after that date; and |
| | (b) | every vehicle licensed as an excursion bus, a private hire bus or a private bus under the Road Traffic (Public Service Vehicles) Rules and which is used to convey school children to and from their school —| (i) | with effect from 1st July 2005, where the bus is so licensed before 4th January 2005; and | | (ii) | with effect from 4th January 2005, where the bus is so licensed on or after that date. |
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(2) Every vehicle to which this rule applies shall be fitted with a device so as to operate simultaneously —| (a) | every direction indicator of the vehicle; and | | (b) | the warning light illuminating the marking set out in Diagram 1 of the Schedule, [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] |
| when any door (except the driver’s door or any door provided solely for use during an emergency) of the vehicle is opened and is not fully closed. |
|
| (3) The device required to be fitted under paragraph (2) may include a switch that allows the driver to turn off the warning light illuminating the marking set out in Diagram 1 of the Schedule when the vehicle is not used to convey school children to and from their school. [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] |
(4) The marking set out in Diagram 1 of the Schedule shall meet the following requirements:| (a) | it shall be constructed with a body casing of plastic material and the front face of the casing shall be affixed with white and red wide-angle prismatic retro-reflective material with black figures at the centre; | | (b) | the retro-reflective material shall be triangular in shape with a size of up to 1½ times the specified dimensions as set out in Diagram 1 of the Schedule; [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] | | (c) | the retro-reflective material shall comply with ASTM Standards D4956 Type VII, Type VIII or Type IX (Specifications for retro-reflective sheeting for traffic control); | | (d) | the red portion of the marking shall be equipped with a warning light to illuminate the marking in accordance with paragraph (5); and | | (e) | it shall be securely affixed inside the vehicle at the bottom right portion of its rear windscreen as seen from outside of the vehicle. [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] |
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(5) The warning light illuminating the marking set out in Diagram 1 of the Schedule —| (a) | shall comprise at least 50 units of ultra-bright red light emitting diodes (LEDs) arranged in 2 rows per side; | | (b) | shall not be obstructed by the retro-reflective materials on the marking; | | (c) | shall have a luminous intensity of at least 2500 milli-candela; and | | (d) | shall, when the device required to be fitted under paragraph (2) is not switched off, display regular flashes of red light that alternate between the 2 rows of LEDs —| (i) | at the rate of at least 60, and not more than 120, flashes a minute, with each flash being of such duration so as to permit the light to achieve its full brightness and to be fully observable to the eye at a reasonable distance; and | | (ii) | automatically when any door (except the driver’s door or any door provided solely for use during an emergency) of the vehicle is opened and is not fully closed. [S 5/2005 wef 04/01/2005] [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] |
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80.—(1) Every door of a vehicle having a seating capacity for more than 30 persons, excluding the driver, and registered after 1st January 1975 shall be a power-operated door controlled by the driver unless such door is used solely as an emergency exit or by the driver.| (2) The means by which a power-operated door of a vehicle may be opened in an emergency shall be provided inside and outside the vehicle on or adjacent to the door, and such means shall be clearly indicated. |
| (3) There shall also be an indication that such means may be used by passengers in the vehicle only in an emergency. |
| (4) The storage and transmission system of the power for operating the door shall be such that the operation of the door does not adversely affect the efficiency of the braking system of the vehicle. |
| (5) The storage and transmission system referred to in paragraph (4) shall be so designed and constructed that in the event of the system becoming inoperative the door can be operated manually from inside and outside the vehicle. |
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| Marking, positioning and operation of emergency exits |
81.—(1) All emergency exits of a vehicle shall —| (a) | be clearly marked as such inside and outside the vehicle, in letters not less than 25 millimetres high; [S 83/2006 wef 15/02/2006] | | (b) | be fitted with doors which open outwards or windows; [S 661/2020 wef 01/08/2020] | | (c) | be easily accessible to the passengers; and | | (d) | in the case of a single-decked vehicle, or the lower deck of a double-decked vehicle, be so situated that passengers can step directly from the passage referred to in paragraph (3), to outside the vehicle. |
(1A) Despite paragraph (1)(b), an emergency exit of a vehicle must be fitted with a door which opens outwards if the vehicle is provided with —| (a) | only one exit, which is also the only entrance; and | | (b) | no other emergency exit fitted with a door which opens outwards. |
[S 661/2020 wef 01/08/2020] |
| (2) The means of operation of all emergency exits of a vehicle shall be clearly indicated. |
(3) Between every emergency exit and a gangway there shall be a passage which is —| (a) | not of less dimensions than those prescribed for a gangway in rule 83(1); and | | (b) | so designed that a vertical line projected upwards from the centre line of the passage at floor level shall, to a height of 760 millimetres from the floor level, be laterally not less than 150 millimetres from any part of the vehicle. |
|
| (4) In a vehicle the means of operation of all the doors of emergency exits other than those provided in the upper deck of a double-decked vehicle shall be readily accessible to persons of normal height standing at ground level outside the vehicle. |
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| Device to warn driver when emergency exit door is not fully closed |
81A.—(1) Every new vehicle which has an emergency exit door shall be fitted with a device which causes a warning light to flash at the dashboard and a sound to be emitted when the door is not fully closed.| (2) Such device shall be fitted inside the vehicle near the driver’s seat so that any sound emitted is confined mainly to the interior of the vehicle. |
| (3) The sound emitted by such device shall be sufficiently loud to warn the driver and any passenger of the vehicle that the emergency exit door is not fully closed, but shall not be unduly harsh, shrill, loud or alarming. |
| (4) The owner and the driver of a vehicle shall ensure that such device is in proper working condition at all times. |
| (5) Any person who modifies or tampers with the working of such device in a way that is likely to prevent the device from working in the manner prescribed in paragraph (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $200. |
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82.—(1) Subject to paragraph (2), there shall be unobstructed access from every seat in a vehicle to at least 2 exits.| (2) Nothing in paragraph (1) shall apply to any seat in a vehicle which is placed beside the driver’s seat if there is unobstructed access to that seat by means of an entrance other than the driver’s entrance. |
| (3) No seat in a vehicle shall be fitted to any door of the vehicle. |
| (4) In the case of a double-decked vehicle which has a barrier place at the foot of the staircase leading to the upper deck, the vehicle shall not be treated as failing to comply with paragraph (1) by reason only that when the barrier is in position it would effectively prevent passengers from gaining access to the upper deck. |
| (5) Direct access shall be provided to the driver’s seat either from the off-side of the vehicle or by means of a passage which shall not be of less dimensions than those prescribed for a gangway in rule 83(1). |
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83.—(1) Subject to paragraphs (2), (3) and (4), the width of every gangway of a vehicle shall be not less than —| (a) | 300 millimetres up to a height of 760 millimetres above the level of the deck of the vehicle; and | | (b) | 360 millimetres at heights exceeding 760 millimetres above the level of the deck of the vehicle. |
| (2) A vertical line projected upwards in a vehicle from the centre line of a gangway at deck level shall, to the height prescribed in rule 84 as the height of that gangway, be laterally not less than 150 millimetres from any part of the vehicle other than the roof above the gangway. |
| (3) In the case of a double-decked vehicle no part of a gangway which serves as a joint means of access from any entrance to both the upper and lower decks shall be less than 900 millimetres in width. |
| (4) For the purposes of this rule, when any space in front of a seat in a vehicle is required for the accommodation of seated passengers, the space within 230 millimetres of that seat shall not be taken into account in measuring the width of a gangway. |
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84.—(1) The clear height at every point along the centre line of a gangway between the limits specified in paragraph (3) shall be —| (a) | in the case of a single-decked vehicle, other than a school bus and the lower deck of a double-decked vehicle, not less than 1.8 metres if the vehicle has a seating capacity for more than 14 persons, excluding the driver, and 1.4 metres in any other case; | | (b) | in the case of the top deck of a double-decked vehicle, not less than 1.67 metres; and | | (c) | in the case of a single-decked vehicle which has a seating capacity for more than 14 persons, excluding the driver, and is a private car (school transport), not less than 1.7 metres. |
| (2) The clear height at every point along the centre line of a gangway, outside the limits specified in paragraph (3), shall be not more than 100 millimetres lower than the clear height prescribed in paragraph (1). |
| (3) The clear height prescribed in paragraph (1) shall extend from the front edge of the foremost passenger seat adjacent to the gangway to the front edge of the rearmost passenger seat adjacent to that gangway. |
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85.—(1) Every vehicle which is designed and constructed to convey standing passengers shall have within the vehicle, a sufficient number of handrails and handstraps attached to the roof thereof.| (2) Every handrail fitted to a vehicle, registered after 1st January 1975, shall be not less than 30 millimetres in diameter and shall be covered with a plastic sheath. |
| (3) Every handstrap fitted to a vehicle shall be attached to a handrail in such manner as not to enable it to slide along the handrail. |
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86.—(1) The supports of all seats in a vehicle shall be securely fixed in position.| (2) Every seat in a vehicle shall have a back rest so closed or otherwise constructed as to prevent, as far as practicable, the pockets of passengers from being picked. |
(3) All passenger seats on a vehicle shall be so fitted that —| (a) | the distance between any part of the back rest of any seat placed lengthwise and the corresponding part of the back rest of the seat facing it shall be at least 1.4 metres; | | (b) | there is a clear space of at least 690 millimetres in front of the whole length of the top of the back rest of every transverse seat, any handle or grip which do not project more than 100 millimetres from the back rest being disregarded when measuring the clear space herein referred to; and | | (c) | there is clear space of at least 480 millimetres between any part of the front edge of any transverse seat and any part of any other seat which faces it. |
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| (4) In this rule, “back rest” includes any part of a vehicle which is available for seated passengers to lean against. |
| (5) All passenger seats on a vehicle shall provide an adequate degree of comfort with suitable padded seats and seat backs. |
| (6) No seat in a vehicle shall be placed in such a position as to cause discomfort to passengers. |
| (7) Where a seat in a vehicle is so placed that a passenger seated upon it is liable to be thrown forward through an entrance to or exit from the vehicle or down a stairway therein, an effective screen or guard shall be placed so as to afford adequate protection against any such occurrence to a passenger occupying that seat. |
| (8) No part of any seat on the left hand side of the driver’s seat in a vehicle shall be in front of a line passing through the front edge of the driver’s seat at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, and any seat on the left of the driver’s seat and in line with it must face forward. |
| (9) The shortest distance between the edge of the well of any step in a vehicle and a vertical plane passing through the front edge of any seat in the vehicle shall be at least 230 millimetres. |
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| 87. Every side window of a single-decked vehicle with a permanent top or the lower deck of a double-decked vehicle shall have, to a height of at least one metre above the deck level, rails or other adequate means which shall prevent a child from stretching his neck out of the window. |
| 88. Adequate internal lighting shall be provided in every vehicle for the illumination of every deck. |
| 89. Adequate ventilation shall be provided in a vehicle for passengers and the driver without the necessity for opening any main window or windscreen. |
90.—(1) Every vehicle shall be so designed that the driver, when sitting in his seat, has adequate room and can easily reach and operate the controls, including the devices for controlling the direction indicators and stop lights.| (2) The accommodation for the driver shall be so arranged as to afford adequate protection in bad weather, and means shall be provided, where necessary, to prevent light from the interior of the vehicle from incommoding the driver. |
(3) Where a space is provided for any passenger on the left side of a driver’s seat in a vehicle having a seating capacity for more than 6 persons, excluding the driver, the space for the driver’s seat shall be divided off —| (a) | by means of a solid partition behind that seat and having a height of not less than one metre from the deck level; and | | (b) | by means of a continuation of the partition or guard rails on the left of the seat and at least 460 millimetres from the centre of the steering column. |
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91.—(1) There shall not be any seat, gangway or passage on the right side of the driver’s seat in a vehicle.(2) The driver’s seat shall be capable —| (a) | of being adjusted in a vertical direction and in a horizontal direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle; and | | (b) | of being firmly secured in any desired position within the limits of such adjustments. |
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(3) The range of the adjustments referred to in paragraph (2) shall —| (a) | permit the seat to be fixed in a position such that the horizontal distance between the nearest part of the steering wheel and the back rest of the seat is 360 millimetres and the vertical distance between the lowest part of the steering wheel and the horizontal plane level with the top of the seat cushion is 250 millimetres; and | | (b) | permit the seat to be adjusted at least 50 millimetres forward, backwards, upwards and downwards from that position. |
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| Passengers’ communication with driver |
| 92. Adequate means shall be provided in every vehicle to enable any passenger to signal to the driver to stop. |
| 93. No wireless receiving apparatus or sound transmitting apparatus shall be fitted to a vehicle except with the written permission of the Registrar. |
| 94. Every vehicle shall comply in all respect with such of the requirements as to the construction, weight and equipment of motor vehicles contained in this Part as are applicable to the vehicle. |
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